Holding agents

During electrolytic reduction of to and the subsequent reduction of Pu to inextractable Pu hydrazine is added as a holding agent to destroy excess nitrite ions and prevent reoxidation of and Pu to their higher valence states. 

Analyses of Particulate Matter. For mercury, as an example, analysis of particulate matter is a fruitless task since one expects that less than 10% of the total mercury (which is itself not very high in ambient air) is in a combined form and therefore a component of particulate matter. That is not to say that only 10% of the mercury will be collected, however, since the particulate matter can serve as a holding agent for mer-... 

Initial experiments were performed to verify and demonstrate the feasibility of the electrolytic reduction method with uranium, followed by experiments with a mixture of uranium and plutonium. Experiments were conducted batchwise in a small electrolytic cell. Basic parameters, such as concentration of solutes and type of holding agents (in the aqueous phase) for removal of any nitrite which would reoxidize the reduced heavy metal, electrode material and geometry, off-gas composition and type of diaphragm, were also determined. These data were valuable in the conceptual design of the first continuously operating column for the electrolytic reduction process. 

Before being fed to Contactor III, the aqueous feed solution was treated to reduce Pu to the Pu(III) state, to prevent its extraction and ensure its recovery in the aqueous Pu product stream (3PP). The reference reductant for the flow sheet was hydroxyla-mine nitrate (HAN) at 0.3 mol/L with hydrazine nitrate (0.1 mol/L) as a holding agent or HNO2 scavenger (10). Use of HAN as Pu reductant was considered desirable because in reaction with Pu, as well as in subsequent reactions where the reductant is destroyed, only gaseous products are formed (equations 1 and 2). 

In ceramics algin provides plasticity and acts as a binder and water-holding agent in fire clay mortar and ceramic bodies (55). In enamel and glaze slips it controls flow and body. 

Superabsorbent material, paper diapers, feminine products, oil-water separation materials Drying agents, antifiost agents Drug substrates, horticultural water holding agents, air fresheners... 

In the following, a water-absorbing sheet for freshness preservation, a multipurpose packaging material for freshness preservation, a low-temperature holding agent for food transportation, and a high osmotic pressure water-absorption sheet for food processing will be discussed. Here, a water-absorption sheet for the freshness preservation of foods will be described. 

Shape holding agent Starch Crystalline cellulose... 

Other Properties. Polyester fibers have good resistance to uv radiation although prolonged exposure weakens the fibers (47,51). PET is not affected by iasects or microorganisms and can be designed to kill bacteria by the iacorporation of antimicrobial agents (19). The oleophilic surface of PET fibers attracts and holds oils. Other PET fiber properties can be found ia the Hterature (47,49). 

Naphthalenesulfonic Acid—Formaldehyde Condensates. The sodium salts of the condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde constitute an important class of compounds which are mainly used in the area of concrete additives (32,33), agricultural formulations, mbber formulations, and synthetic tanning agents. They are also used in photographic materials (34). Hampshire Chemical Co. and Henkel of America, Inc., are the largest suppHers of naphthalene sulfonate in concrete additives (superplasticizer) and reportedly hold 75—80% of this market. It was estimated that naphthalene sulfonate demand from U.S. producers would reach approximately... 

Less stable parts of the sludge can be treated by holding in tanks for extended periods of time to allow the weaker emulsion to break and separate a clean product. The mote stable sludges can be broken by mechanical action in filters or centrifuges, by recycle to the furnace for redistillation, or by redistillation in auxiliary units. Chemical attack via oxidation or complexing agents that break the emulsion has also been employed. 

Appetite suppressants have been widely used as an adjunct to dietary restriction and sympathomimetic amines have traditionally been used for this purpose. These agents have not proven particularly useful and frequentiy cause unacceptable side effects, hence their popularity has been waning for several years. The most promising newer dmgs work through a serotoninergic mechanism and hold considerable promise at least for certain obese patients. 

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