Historical Treatment Strategies

Over the years, our attempts to treat dementia have been targeted in four specific areas  

Dementia reversal represents attempts to treat the underlying cause of the so-called reversible dementias. Although only a few causes of dementia are to any 

The discovery at the turn of the century that untreated syphilis was a common cause of many psychiatric illnesses including dementia revolutionized the field of psychiatry. Although the tools available to investigate brain function were limited at the time, it proved that diseases that attack the brain could cause mental illness. This in turn led to a search for other medical conditions that cause mental illness. 

Since that time, we ve found that some causes of dementia can be treated. In addition, other treatable conditions as noted earlier cause cognitive impairment that resembles dementia (pseudodementia). Treatment aimed at dementia reversal depends on a careful assessment to identify those patients who have these potentially reversible conditions. 

TABLE 10.4. Potentially Treatable Causes of Dementia or Pseudodementia 

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To date, two types of major depression have been postulated. The first is often referred to as endogenous or melancholic depression. In this type of major depression, symptoms of depressed mood are related directly to internal biologic factors such as neurotransmitter dysfunction (Kaplan Sadock, 1990 Tierney et al., 1997). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), referred to historically as shock treatments, is often considered an endogenous treatment. Here, direct (biologic) stimulation of the neurotransmission process is the treatment strategy. Similar to ECT, antidepressant medications also are successful in lifting endogenous depression, with the major difference that they affect the neurochemical pathways chemically rather than electrically (Maxmen Ward, 1995). 

The application of a dynamic PCA strategy to a full-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed dynamic process monitoring approach. The methodology is relatively simple, only based on the historical operation data sets, and can easily be applied to most biological wastewater treatment processes. 

Some of the chemical strategies used in weatherproofing have been applied to the preservation of cellulosics for indoor storage and display. The historical Wasa sails of 1628 were preserved by copolymerizing acrylates and styrene onto this material (36). Antimicrobial treatment of cotton goods by polymerization in situ of a urea-mercury compound with formaldehyde or immersion in a quaternary ammonium salt solution protected the fabric for up to three years storage provided it did not need to be laundered (37). 

C2 silylation as a protecting group strategy for oxazoles has historically been difficult due to the preferential oxophilicity of standard silyl chlorides protection of the ring opened oxygen atom typically predominates rather than protection of the C2 carbon atom. Miller has shown that treatment of imsubstituted oxazole with -BuLi followed by triisopropylsilyl triflate yields C2-silylated oxazole in near quantitative yield. Furthermore, this protected oxazole is stable to nonacidic aqueous workup and... 

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