Historians and

Discussions concerning the fundamental importance of the concept of "element" have been published by a number of historians and philosophers of chemistry in recent years [1-5]. In addition, some chemists have begun to elaborate their... 

Alchemical theories are central to the middle ages and the Renaissance. Chaucer and Shakespeare were heavily steeped in the subject, and it still exerts a fascination today. This is a scholarly and accessible introduction to Western European alchemy, and to the iconography of Alchemical works from antiquity to the rise of chemistry. It includes an illustrated glossary of Alchemical terms and biographies of major alchemists. It is intended for students of medieval and Renaissance art, literature and history art historians and anyone with a general interest in the history and principles of alchemy or medieval culture... 

Browne, C.A. Henry Carrington Bolton historian and bibliographer of chemistry. J Chem Educ 17, no. 10 (Oct 1940) 457-461. 

After the Nazi takeover, Haber s second wife Charlotte moved to England where one of her sons, Ludwig Haber, became a prominent historian and wrote about chemical warfare, including his father s role in its development. Clara Haber s son Hermann moved to New York City where in 1946 he, like his mother before him, committed suicide. 

Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion. A Global History of Narcotics. New York Norton, 2002. The author is a professional historian and a member of the Royal Historical Society. 

Of course, by far the most prolific and influential historian and proponent of alchemy—indeed, the most significant source of alchemical information in the Golden Dawn—was A. E. Waite. As noted above, Waite was one of the foremost authorities of his age on alchemy and mysticism, though he did not involve himself in laboratory experiments. Despite his ponderous writing style (for which Crowley savaged him in the figure of Edwin Arthwaite in Moonchild),... 

Art critic, art historian and art theorist, concentrates on issues of the relationship between contemporary art and the classical avant-garde and of the dialogue between contemporary art, science and philosophy. Head of the Experimental Programs Department of the State Center of Modern Art (NCCA), Moscow... 

Josephus gives an account very similar y to that of the sacred historian, and sup- poses that Josiah was pushed on by fate, i which is not inconsistent with the sacred i account. However, the archers shot at king Josiah and either suspecting him to be the king, or observing his valour in the i fight, they endeavoured to take him off i as a principal enemy. His servants put 1 him into another chariot, and they brought him to Jerusalem and he died. 

It remains, then, only to observe, that it has been abundantly shown, that the Holy Spirit directed the attention of the Jews, and has pointed out to the consideration of all ages, two sovereigns, designated by name long before their birth, and that many heathen historians and writers, as particularly Herodotus and Xenophon, have borne undesigned testimony to the exact verification of what the prophets described. 

Another element of identity is constructed by the practice of ritual and tacit knowledge. Historians and sociologists of science who have emphasized the roots of science in craft practices have long noted the tradition of apprenticeship at the heart of the scientific enterprise. This apprenticeship is practiced in the laboratory, where the construction and use of instruments must be learned ... 

Director of the Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University, Dr. IAIN McCALMAN is an internationally renowned cultural historian and author/editor of seven scholarly works, including the widely acclaimed Radical Underworld Prophets, Revolutionaries, and Pornographers in London, 1 5-1840 and, most recently, An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age. This is his first trade book. 

Historians and archaeologists explore the past by gathering artifacts and using technology to glean as much knowledge as they can from them. 

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646-1716 German mathematician, philosopher, historian, and scientist. Independent discoverer of the differential calculus He was personally acquainted widi Brand and Krafft, and wrote a detailed account of the discovery of phosphorus, including biographical sketches of Brand, Krafft, Kunckel, and Becher. 

Joseph Karl Eder (1760-1810). Transylvanian historian and mineralogist. 

Roth, Cecil, Encyclopedia Judaica (18 Volumes) (New York Coronet Books Inc reprint edition, 2002). Cecil Roth (1899-1970) was a Jewish historian and editor of Encyclopedia Judaica from 1965 until his death. 

JWju oney is a common denominator. We deal with money just about every / f I day — from the spending end, the earning end, or both. Counting coins is one of the earliest number exercises for a small child. And collecting coins is a passion of many historians and numismatists. 

Preservation of cultural goods is an important and rewarding task of modern societies. They are a vital source of inspiration and reflect the culture and history of the past and present. This valuable asset is the basis for future cultures and therefore, is one of the main legacies to be passed on to future generations. For this purpose, conservators, curators, art historians, and scientists combine their efforts, making it now a pluridisciplinary activity. 

J. J. Thomson is generally credited with discovering the electron in 1897 by characterizing cathode rays. Around the centennial of the paper and presentation most commonly cited as the armormcement of the discovery, many historians and philosophers of science asked what the phrase discover the electron means. After all, the electron has many properties, and it plays an important part in many phenomena. Mass, charge, and spin are among its important properties. Carrier... 

Khoo Kay Kim 1979. Local Historians and the Writing of Malaysian History in the Twentieth Century , in Anthony Reid and David Marr (eds.) Perceptions of the Past in Southeast Asia. Singapore Heinemann, 299-311. 

Addiction focuses on the emergence nature and persistence of addictive behaviors, as well as the efforts of addicts to overcome their condition. Do addicts act of their own free will, or are they driven by forces beyond their control Do structured treatment programs offer more hope for recovery What causes relapses to occur Recent scholarship has focused attention on the voluntary aspects of addiction, particularly the role played by choice. Addiction draws upon this new research and the investigations of economists, psychiatrists, philosophers, neuropharmachologists, historians, and sociologists to offer important new insights into the sad puzzle of addictive behavior. 

Art historian and museum curator general consensus O = authentic ... 

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