Hippocampus synaptic plasticity

What molecular machinery controls these forms of synaptic plasticity One of the most studied brain regions is the CA1 region of the hippocampus the CA1 region is not only crucial for memory formation (profound amnesia in patient R. B with selective CA1 lesion), but also exhibits a well-organized laminar structure ideal for electrophysio-logical recording. 

Teyler, T. J. Cavus, I., Coussens, C. et al. Multideterminant role of calcium in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Hippocampus, 4 623-634,1994. 

Sweat J (2001) The nem-onal MAP kinase cascade a biochemical signal integration system subserving synaptic plasticity and memory. J Neurochem 76 1-10 Szapiro G, Vianna MRM, McGaugh JL, Medina JH, Izquierdo 1 (2003) The role of NMDA glutamate receptors, PKA, MAPK, and CAMKll in the hippocampus in extinction of conditioned fear. Hippocampus 13 53-58... 

CREB expression occurs (Nibuya et al., 1995, 1996). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is an attractive candidate for mediating antidepressant action. In addition to its known effects on neuronal survival and differentiation, it also has been shown to play a role in synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, administration of BDNF directly into rat hippocampus has been demonstrated to have antidepressant-like action in several models of depression (Siuciak et ah, 1996). 

Christie BR, Kerr DS, Abraham WC Php side of synaptic plasticity long-term depression mechanisms in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 4 127-135, 1994 Christie JE, Shering PM, Ferguson J, et al Physostigmine and arecohne effects of intravenous infusion in Alzheimer presenile dementia. Br J Psychiatry 138 46-50, 1981... 

Lester R. A. J., Herron C. E., Coan E. J., and Collingridge G. L. (1988). The role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and transmission in the hippocampus. In Lodge D. (ed.), Excitatory Amino Acids in Elealth and Disease. John Wiley Sons Ltd., New York, pp. 275-295. 

Sejnowski T, C. S., and Stanton P, 1989, Induction of synaptic plasticity by hebbian covariance in the hippocampus, The computing neuron, (M. C. Durbin R, and Mitchison G), Addison-Wesley Publishers, Ltd, Reading, Massachusets. 

Chevaleyre V, Hefeits BD, Kaeser P, Sudhof TC, Castillo PE (2006) Endocannabinoids target the release machinery via protein kinase A to mediate LTD at inhibitory synapses in both hippocampus and amygdala. Soc Neurosci Abstr 41.11 Chevaleyre V, Takahashi KA, Castillo PE (2006) Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS. Ann Rev Neurosci 29 37-76... 

In the hippocampus, the mossy fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal neurons are characterized by a particularly high degree of synaptic plasticity. On a short-term time scale in the range of seconds, one can observe pronounced paired pulse as well as frequency facilitation. The latter phenomenon reflects a multifold increase in synaptic strength when the stimulation frequency is enhanced and involves activation of presynaptic kainate autoreceptors (Schmitz et al. 2001). On a longer time scale in the range of minutes, one can observe long-term potentiation (LTP). At the mossy fiber synapses, LTP is independent of NMDA receptors, but there is sufficient... 

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