Hippocampus formation

Hyman, B. T., Van Hoesen, G. W., Damasio, A. R. and Barnes, C. L. (1984) Alzheimer s disease cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampus formation. Science 225, 1168-1170. 

Roelink H (2000) Hippocampus formation An intriguing collaboration. Curr Biol 10 R279-281. 

Nerve growth factor infusion into the denervated adult rat hippocampus formation promotes its cholinergic reinnervation. 7. Neurosci. 10 3087-3092. 

AVP is excitatory in the ventral hippocampus, either directly or by potentiation of glutamatergic responses. An inhibitory effect has been observed in AVP may be involved in the formation of long-term potentiation and thus learning and memory. However, AVP is proconvulsive, may augment the formation of dmg tolerance and dependence, and affects cardiovascular regulatory processes. 

The hippocampus, which got its name from the Greek word for seahorse, due to its form, is a nucleus in the depth of the temporal lobe. The hippocampus is important for the integration of sensory information, for spatial orientation and for memory formation. The hippocampal formation contains the CA (cornu ammonis) regions, the dentate gyms and the subiculum. 

The temporal lobe is the inferior middle portion of the cerebral cortex of both hemispheres. The temporal lobes are involved in the analysis of visual and acoustic information and in memory formation. The hippocampus is part of the inner, medial side of the temporal lobes. 

Commins et al. (1987) have also reported the formation of 5,6-dihydroxy-tryptamine in rat hippocampus after a single, high doses of methamphetamine. They suggested that the formahon of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, a known neurotoxie substance, may mediate the neurotoxie effects of methamphetamine toward serotonergic nerve terminals. 

THE NEURONAL PATHWAYS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS ARE ESSENTIAL STRUCTURES FOR MEMORY FORMATION 272... 

LTP has been shown in many parts of the brain but it has been most extensively studied in the hippocampus, a phy-logenetically old part of the cerebral cortex that in humans is embedded in the temporal horn and in rats and rabbits lies beneath the parietal and temporal neocortex (Fig. 15-3A). The hippocampus is essential for (declarative) memory formation in rats the role of hippocampus in acquisition of spatial information has been studied in... 

What molecular machinery controls these forms of synaptic plasticity One of the most studied brain regions is the CA1 region of the hippocampus the CA1 region is not only crucial for memory formation (profound amnesia in patient R. B with selective CA1 lesion), but also exhibits a well-organized laminar structure ideal for electrophysio-logical recording. 

Retrograde amnesia and post-learning consolidation occur in the hippocampus. Researchers have sought to understand the biological mechanisms underlying the formation of long-term memory since Muller and... 

Some intracellular signal transduction molecules are reduced in schizophrenia. The release of neurotransmitters is regulated by a family of proteins that coordinate vesicular trafficking (see Ch. 9). Of these, the expression of complexin I and II appears to be decreased in prefrontal cortex and subfields of the hippocampal formation, and the ratio of complexin I to complexin II is elevated in the hippocampus [35], SNAP-25 (Synaptosomal Associated Protein, kDa 25) has inconsistently been found to be down-regulated in both these regions. Synapsin expression is also reduced, but more robust decrements have been observed in bipolar disorder (Ch. 55). 

Temporal lobe brain structures, in particular the hippocampal formation, appear to play a pivotal yet transient role in the formation of new explicit memories. This chapter focuses on possible neurochemical mechanisms underlying the encoding of new information in the hippocampus and the modulation of memory function by different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. 

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