Highway proximity

The cost of transportation has an important effect on the marketabiUty of chemicals. For that reason, transportation, along with numerous other factors, is often a significant consideration in determining the location of chemical production faciUties. In addition, convenient and economical access to water and rail transportation and the interstate highway system, as well as proximity to raw materials and markets, may influence the choice of warehouse and terminal sites for storage and redistribution of chemical products (see Plant location). 

Wang, D.T. and O. Meresz. 1982. Occurrence and potential uptake of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of highway traffic origin by proximally grown food crops. Pages 885-896 in M. Cooke, A.J. Dennis, and G.L. Fisher (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Physical and Biological Chemistry. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

The use of rumble strips on highways to prevent sleepiness-related accidents represents the clearest example of society adapting a countermeasure. Rumble strips combine multiple stimuli (i.e., noise, cutaneous stimulation) in an attempt to arouse the driver and prevent accidents. Like the other countermeasures discussed, there is no question about its acute effectiveness. There is a decrease in accidents proximal to the rumble strip. However, a question remains about its overall efficacy. Some research has described a phenomenon called migration, the movement of accidents from the location of the rumble strips to other locations on the highway. The question yet to be resolved is whether rumble strips prevent accidents or merely postpone them. 

Transportation facilities. Water, railroads, and highways are the common means of transportation used by major industrial concerns. The kind and amount of products and raw materials determine the most suitable type of transportation facilities. In any case, careful attention should be given to local freight rates and existing railroad lines. The proximity to railroad centers and the possibility of canal, river, lake, or ocean transport must be considered Motor trucking... 

Chrysene occurs as a product of combustion of fossil fuels and has been detected in automobile exhaust. Chrysene has also been detected in air samples collected from a variety of regions nationally and internationally. The concentrations were dependent on proximity to nearby sources of pollution such as traffic highways and industries, and was also dependent on seasons (generally higher concentrations were noted in winter months). Chrysene has also been detected in cigarette smoke and in other kinds of soot and smoke samples (carbon black soot, wood smoke, and soot from premixed acetylene oxygen flames). It has been detected as a component in petroleum products including clarified oil, solvents, waxes, tar oil, petrolatum, creosote, coal tar, cracked petroleum residue, extracts of bituminous coal, extracts from shale, petroleum asphalts, and coal tar pitch. 

The ideal plant site is one which is at the crossroads of at least three or more railroads, has good hard-surfaced highways leading in all directions, and preferably has barge canal and deep-water transporation also proximity to one or more commercial airports is a definite asset. 

Some plants rely on outside teams (contractors) to supply specialized functions such as rescue and shelter. Obviously, the time to arrange for outside contractors is before an emergency occurs. In selecting the offsite services, site mangers consider numerous factors, including the location of the offsite service (the company should be in close proximity of the plant), traffic on the highways, backup facilities, their insurance, and references from other plants in the area. 

Field test C was an example of application to surface waters used for human consumption. Such waters were essentially uncontaminated by chemicals and needed only a conventional disinfection. Nevertheless, this plant was monitored in consideration of the fact that accidental pollution by gasoline and oil had been recorded in the past due to the proximity of an adjacent highway with heavy traffic. Figure 16.8c shows a typical mass spectrum of this instance, with no significant ions. This instrument was monitored over 547 days (12,240 analyses, 1020 hours) during which the days off were 37, that is 7% of the period (Table 16.2). 

Proximity to major highways Highway restrictions Traffic... 

The hazard assessment and bnffer/proximity analysis for the school identified both highway and indnstrial threats in the vicinity of Lufkin Middle School, as well as a CSX-owned railway located approximately one-half mile to the west of the school. The Clande M. Pope Memorial Freeway (US 1), lies only 75 meters from the school. This stretch of the freeway had an average annual daily traffic volume of eighteen to forty-one thousand vehicles. 

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