High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor

The nuclear heat production plant consists of the high-temperature gas cooled nuclear reactor as heat source as well as the steam reformer and the steam ge-... 

The process is assumed to operate on thermal energy delivered as high-temperature helium from a high-temperature, gas-cooled nuclear reactor (VHTR) operating at about 1742°F. 

Fluidised-bed CVD is a special technique to coat nuclear-fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors which was developed in the late 1950s. This technique has also been used in other applications, such as the production of biomedical components (e.g. heart valves deposited by pyrolysis carbon) and some special functional coatings on ceramic particles. 

The 46 MW(th) high-temperature gas-cooled AVR reactor in Julich as a first-of-its-kind has been in operation for 21 years with a high availability demonstrating that nuclear power can be converted into high-temperature heat. For more than 10 years, the reactor was operated with an average outlet temperature of 950 °C. The reactor allowed successful... 

Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University Design Criteria for the lOMW High Temperature Gas-cooled Test Reactor, 1993... 

In another power generation example, approximately one million dollars worth of liquid nitrogen per year was used to purify the helium coolant used in the High Temperature Gas Cooled fission reactor at the Fort St. Vrain nuclear power plant in Colorado. 

The metal is a source of nuclear power. There is probably more energy available for use from thorium in the minerals of the earth s crust than from both uranium and fossil fuels. Any sizable demand from thorium as a nuclear fuel is still several years in the future. Work has been done in developing thorium cycle converter-reactor systems. Several prototypes, including the HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) and MSRE (molten salt converter reactor experiment), have operated. While the HTGR reactors are efficient, they are not expected to become important commercially for many years because of certain operating difficulties. 

As previously stated, uranium carbides are used as nuclear fuel (145). Two of the typical reactors fueled by uranium and mixed metal carbides are thermionic, which are continually being developed for space power and propulsion systems, and high temperature gas-cooled reactors (83,146,147). In order to be used as nuclear fuel, carbide microspheres are required. These microspheres have been fabricated by a carbothermic reduction of UO and elemental carbon to form UC (148,149). In addition to these uses, the carbides are also precursors for uranium nitride based fuels. 

Fluidized-bed CVD was developed in the late 1950s for a specific application the coating of nuclear-fuel particles for high temperature gas-cooled reactors. PI The particles are uranium-thorium carbide coated with pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide for the purpose of containing the products of nuclear fission. The carbon is obtained from the decomposition of propane (C3H8) or propylene... 

Lackey, W.J., Stinton, D.P. and Seasc, J.D., Improved gas distribution for coating high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel particles, Nuclear Technology, 1977,35, 227 237. 

Hannon, D.P. and Scott, C.B., Properties influencing high-temperature gas-cooled reactor coated fuel particle performance, Nuclear Technology, 1977, 35, 343 352. 

HELP HEU HFO HFR HLW HREE HRL HT HTGR HWR Hydrological evaluation of landfill performance Highly enriched uranium Hydrous ferrous oxide or ferric hydroxide Hot fractured-rock High-level nuclear waste Heavy rare earth elements (Gd-Lu) Hard rock laboratory High temperature High-temperature gas-cooled reactor Heavy water reactor... 

This is a relatively special technique which combines the principles of fluidized - bed heating and CVD. It is primarily used to coat powders of very fine size with suitable films for special applications. The most prominent application of this technique is in the coating of nuclear fuel particles used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR). A typical fluidized-bed CVD reactor is shown schematically in figure 13.4. 

Japanese industries including Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Electric, Toyo Tanso, Nuclear Fuel Industries, etc., are developing the HTGR jointly with JAEA. The industrial and public information exchange is supported by the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF), the Research Association of High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Plant (RAHP), etc. 

HTGR - high-temperature gas-cooled reactors for nuclear hydrogen engineering... 

Mitenkov, F.M., N.G. Kodochigov, A.V. Vasyaev, et al. (2004), High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor as Energy Source for Industrial Hydrogen Production , Nuclear Power, Vol. 97, Issue 6, pp. 43-446. 

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