High speed oscilloscope

Per-Anders Persson et al, "A Technique for Detailed Time-Resolved Radiation Measurements in the Reaction Zone of Condensed Explosives , 4thONRSympDeton(1965), 602-08. Preliminary experiments with nonporous 60/40-RDX/TNT and NMe (N it ro me thane) using a fast photomultiplier and high-speed oscilloscope are described. The technique permitted recording... 

The POT is a discrete measurement technique using pin type ionization probes as sensors for detecting the arrival time of detonation wave at pre-determined points and measuring propagation time between these points with the help of a high-speed oscilloscope. The schematic of instrumentation set-up is shown in Figure 3.17. 

The probes get shorted on arrival of the detonation wave and the pulses generated by the event box are stored on the high speed oscilloscope. A hard copy can be obtained by using the plotter. A typical oscillogram obtained when detonation velocity is determined using two velocity probes is shown in Figure 3.19. The peaks on the oscillogram correspond to the arrival of the detonation wave at the probes. 

Various means have been employed to measure shock and free surface velocities. We quote from Ref 7 The earliest work employed a pin technique. Pointed metal pins were spaced at graded distances from the free surface. When the surface was impelled forward by the impacting shock front, it made contact with each of the pins in turn. The pins were wired to separate pulseforming circuits, and the pulses produced on contact were displayed on a high-speed oscilloscope sweep. In this way the free surface velocity... 

As an example. Fig. 1.4 shows the single-electron response measured with a high-speed oscilloscope and the transit-time distribution for a Hamamatsu R3809U MCP PMT measured by TCSPC. 

The non-storage oscilloscope can be found in most electronic test situations, from sophisticated research laboratories to production engineering plants. The storage unit is most widely used in medical work and in electromechanical applications, particularly where very high-speed transients need to be recorded, while, as noted above, the sampling type finds its main use in the evaluation of ultra-high-frequency equipment. 

J. H.Waddell J.W.Waddell, Industrial Laboratory 1954, Feb, pp 95 103 May, 95 102 June, 93-108 Sept, 67-74 Oct 105-l2(Photographic motion picture analysis) 23c)J.H.Ruiter, "Modern Oscilloscopes and Their Uses , Reinhold, NY (1955) 24)Coll, "Proceedings of the Second International Congress of High-Speed Photography , Dunod, Paris(1956) 25)Coll,... 

In most CV experiments, there is little advantage to be gained by carrying on the potential scan for more than two to three cycles. One exception is the use of repetitive cycling to monitor the accumulation of electroactive species in films of chemically modified electrodes (Chap. 13). Data are typically obtained via XY recorder at slow scans (i.e., less than 500 mV/s) and storage oscilloscope or computer at faster rates. Scan rates up to 1,000,000 V/s have been used however, rates faster than 100 V/s are rarely practicable because of iR drop and charging current. Very small electrodes now make it easier to implement high-speed experiments (see Chap. 12). 

Cinematography. This data acquisition technique is straightforward in principle but tedious in practice. A high-speed movie camera photographs the mass spectral display on the oscilloscope screen. When the camera operates at 400 frames per sec and the mass spectrometer at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, each frame of the film contains the information of 25 mass spectra. This arrangement permits time resolution of 2.5 msec. A 150-m film records data for approximately 50 sec which is adequate for most stress MS experiments. 

Real-time infrared spectroscopy (RTIR) (21). The basic principle of this analytical technique consists of exposing the sample simultaneously to the polymerizing UV beam and to the analyzing IR beam, and monitoring on a high speed recorder the sharp decrease of the acrylic absorbance at 812 cm l. Conversion versus time curves have thus been recorded for the first time for photopolymerizations that develop extensively in a fraction of a second (211. If the reaction time drops into the millisecond range, a transient memory recorder (221 or an oscilloscope with storage function can be used to shorter the time resolution further. 

The detonation wave s arrival at the optical fibre, i.e., the light signal accompanying the detonation process, can be either recorded by the optical technique using a high-speed streak camera, or it can be transformed into an electric signal that may be recorded by a fast-storage oscilloscope or a multichannel analyser. 

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