Storage oscilloscopes

The non-storage oscilloscope can be found in most electronic test situations, from sophisticated research laboratories to production engineering plants. The storage unit is most widely used in medical work and in electromechanical applications, particularly where very high-speed transients need to be recorded, while, as noted above, the sampling type finds its main use in the evaluation of ultra-high-frequency equipment. 

Ultraviolet absorption spectra were obtained from a Cary 118C Spectrophotometer. Luminescence measurements were obtained from a Perkin-Elmer Model MPF-3 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer equipped with Corrected Spectra, Phosphorescence and Front Surface Accessories. A Tektronix Model 510N Storage Oscilloscope was used for luminescence lifetime measurements. Fiber irradiation photolyses were carried out in a Rayonet Type RS Model RPR-208 Preparative Photochemical Reactor equipped with a MGR-100 Merry-go-Round assembly. 

In kinetic spectroscopy a continuous liglit source is used. The transient signal at a fixed wavelength is detected with a photomultiplier and displayed on a storage oscilloscope. Repeating the kinetic experiments at several wavelength positions again allows us to determine transient absorption spectra. 

Long luminescence lifetimes were readily determined by recording the decay of the luminescence, with the choppers out of phase, when the exciting light was shut off. For lifetimes greater than 2 sec. the decay of luminescence was recorded with the pen recorder. For lifetimes between 0.1 and 2 sec. the photomultiplier output was passed to an oscilloscope and the trace photographed, or alternatively a storage oscilloscope was used and the luminescence intensity as a function of time was read directly from the screen. For lifetimes less than 0.1 sec. a somewhat different procedure had to be used. The 800-cps. choppers were replaced... 

In most CV experiments, there is little advantage to be gained by carrying on the potential scan for more than two to three cycles. One exception is the use of repetitive cycling to monitor the accumulation of electroactive species in films of chemically modified electrodes (Chap. 13). Data are typically obtained via XY recorder at slow scans (i.e., less than 500 mV/s) and storage oscilloscope or computer at faster rates. Scan rates up to 1,000,000 V/s have been used however, rates faster than 100 V/s are rarely practicable because of iR drop and charging current. Very small electrodes now make it easier to implement high-speed experiments (see Chap. 12). 

Figure 28.11 Apparatus for photoemission measurements. L, Q-switched ruby laser d, frequency doubler F, CuS04 solution filter SR, screened room D, diaphragm PD, photodiode SO, storage oscilloscope C, cell P, polarizing circuit A, wideband amplifier O, oscilloscope. The mercury pool working electrode is renewed continuously from the reservoir at the upper right. [From Ref. 61.]...

Fig. 7.3 Experimental setup for the nanosecond laser Flash Photolysis with a white light continuum. A Brilland-Quantel Nd YAG laser delivers the fundamental pulses (355 and 532 nm). A pulsed XBO lamp is used as white light source. The laser signal is split in order to trigger the digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) utilizing a second photodiode (PD). Two separate detection units in different geometries—photomultiplier (PMT) in front face and a PD in side face—detect the signal in the UV/vis and NIR region, respectively. The monochromator is operated by a standard PC...

The visibility of several hundreds individual scattered signals has been measured by a storage oscilloscope and severe validation criteria were defined to fulfill the hypothesis of the theoretical model. The actual size distribution function, f(d), was directly deduced by the measured visibility distribution, g(V), through the V(d) relation of Figure 2. Results of Table 1 demonstrated the ca-... 

Conventional pneumatic nebulizers typically consume sample solution at the rate of ca. 5-8 ml min-1. Thus generally, when flame spectrometry is used on a routine basis, 2-5 ml of sample solution is used per determination. However it is possible to employ much smaller volumes of sample solution.16 Figure 3, for example shows typical atomic absorption signals for the nebulization of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 ml of a 1 mg l-1 standard solution, as recorded on a storage oscilloscope, compared with the signal from continuous nebulization. It is clear that only about 0.04 ml of solution is required to obtain the maximum absorbance signal. 

Initially the signals were displayed on a fast storage oscilloscope, and a typical particle scattering trace for 8°, 6°, and 12 is shown in Figure 4. A nearly Gaussian intensity distribution was always observed, and the particle velocity can be estimated from the known beam width divided by the measmed transit time. 

The electrode configuration was stressed with a voltage impulse of nearly a sine-half-wave shape. This waveform was used to avoid thermal influence on the pollution layer that would occur on a permanently stressed sample. The leakage current was measured by a digital storage oscilloscope. 

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