High resolution electron spectroscopy

Vibrational transitions accompanying an electronic transition are referred to as vibronic transitions. These vibronic transitions, with their accompanying rotational or, strictly, rovibronic transitions, give rise to bands in the spectrum, and the set of bands associated with a single electronic transition is called an electronic band system. This terminology is usually adhered to in high-resolution electronic spectroscopy but, in low-resolution work, particularly in the liquid phase, vibrational structure may not be resolved and the whole band system is often referred to as an electronic band. 

K. M. Siegbahn (Uppsala) development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy. N. Bloembergen (Harvard) and A. L. Schawlow (Stanford) development of laser spectroscopy. 

Studies of Pt Metal Catalysis by High-Resolution Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis... 

In the present case after a rough test no major deviations from the ideal DlP/Au model system could be detected but further, more detailed studies using high-resolution electron spectroscopies with synchrotron radiation and additional morphological techniques such as AFM may reveal subtle differences. These will be performed after optimisation of the lift-off technique which is presently under way and will be applied completely under UHV conditions, thus allowing the minimisation of spurious influences. Then further investigations on buried interfaces combining XPS, UPS, IPES, NEXAFS, and AFM will be performed on the present and several other systems which are a matter of present research. 

Table II Polyatomic Free Radicals and Molecular Ions Studied by High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy...

K. Oshida, K. Kogiso, K. Matsubayashi, K. Takeuchi, S. Kobayashi, M. Endo, M. S. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus, Analysis of pore structure of activated carbon fibers using high resolution electron spectroscopy and image processing, J. Material Res., 10 [10], 2507-17 (1995). 

For his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy... 

Siegbahn K (1967) Vetenskaps-Societeten Esca Atomic molecular and solid state structure by means of electronspectroscopy. Nova Acta Regiae Soc Sci Ser IV 20. 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the development of high resolution electron spectroscopy ... 

HREELS High-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy [129, 130] Same as EELS Identification of adsorbed species through their vibrational energy spectrum... 

As the table shows, a host of other teclmiques have contributed a dozen or fewer results each. It is seen that diffraction teclmiques have been very prominent in the field the major diffraction methods have been LEED, PD, SEXAFS, XSW, XRD, while others have contributed less, such as NEXAFS, RHEED, low-energy position diffraction (LEPD), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), medium-energy electron diffraction (MEED), Auger electron diffraction (AED), SEELFS, TED and atom diffraction (AD). 

Analysis of Surface Molecular Composition. Information about the molecular composition of the surface or interface may also be of interest. A variety of methods for elucidating the nature of the molecules that exist on a surface or within an interface exist. Techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy of molecules are the most common and include the electron-based method of high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (hreels), and the optical methods of ftir and Raman spectroscopy. These tools are tremendously powerful methods of analysis because not only does a molecule possess vibrational modes which are signatures of that molecule, but the energies of molecular vibrations are extremely sensitive to the chemical environment in which a molecule is found. Thus, these methods direcdy provide information about the chemistry of the surface or interface through the vibrations of molecules contained on the surface or within the interface. 

High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) 1.8.3... 

In this chapter, three methods for measuring the frequencies of the vibrations of chemical bonds between atoms in solids are discussed. Two of them, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy, use infrared (IR) radiation as the probe. The third, High-Resolution Electron Enetgy-Loss Spectroscopy, HREELS, uses electron impact. The fourth technique. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR, is physically unrelated to the other three, involving transitions between different spin states of the atomic nucleus instead of bond vibrational states, but is included here because it provides somewhat similar information on the local bonding arrangement around an atom. 

High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy... 

In recent years there is a growing interest in the study of vibrational properties of both clean and adsorbate covered surfaces of metals. For several years two complementary experimental methods have been used to measure the dispersion relations of surface phonons on different crystal faces. These are the scattering of thermal helium beams" and the high-resolution electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy. ... 

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