High-performance liquid chromatography stationary phase

Sokoliess, T., Menyes, U., Roth, U., and Jira, T. (2002) Separation of Cis- and Trans-isomers of Thioxanthene and Dibenz[b,e]oxepin Derivatives on Calixarene- and Resorcinarene-bonded High-performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr. A 948, 309-319. 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Although chiral mobile phase additives have been used in high performance Hquid chromatography (hplc), the large amounts of solvent, thus chiral mobile phase additive, required to pre-equiUbrate the stationary phase renders this approach much less attractive than for dc and is not discussed here. 

Despite the difficulties caused by the rapidly expanding literature, the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) as the method of choice for analysis or preparation of enantiomers is today well established and has become almost routine. It results from the development of chiral chromatographic methods that more than 1000 chiral stationary phases exemplified by several thousands of enantiomer separations have been described for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 

High-performance liquid chromatography is in some respects more versatile than gas chromatography since (a) it is not limited to volatile and thermally stable samples, and (b) the choice of mobile and stationary phases is wider. 

ODS octadecyl silyl stationary phase used in high performance liquid chromatography... 

Strohschein, S., Pursch, M., and Albert, K., Hyphenation of high performance liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of (3-carotene isomers employing a Cjq stationary phase, J. Pharm. Biom. Anal., 21, 669, 1999. 

B. Waiczak, L. Morin-Allory, M. Chrdtien, M. Lafosse and M. Dreux, Factor analysis and experiment design in high-performance liquid chromatography. III. Influence of mobile phase modifications on the selectivity of chalcones on a diol stationary phase. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., I (1986) 79-90. 

Huber, C.G., Micropellicular stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography of double-stranded DNA,. Chromatogr, A, 806, 3, 1998. 

Yang, Y.-B., Harrison, K., and Kindsvater, J., Characterization of a novel stationary phase derived from a hydrophilic polystyrene-based resin for protein cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 723, 1, 1996. 

Cacia, J., Quan, C. P., Vasser, M., Sliwkowski, M. B., and Frenz, J., Protein sorting by high-performance liquid chromatography I. Biomimetic interaction chromatography of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I on polyionic stationary phases, /. Chromatogr., 634, 229, 1993. 

Hu, Y. and Carr, P. W., Synthesis and characterization of new zirconia-based polymeric cation-exchange stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 70, 1934, 1996. 

It was known from gas chromatographic theory that efficiency could be improved if the particle size of the stationary phase materials used in lc could be reduced. High performance liquid chromatography developed steadily during the late 1960s as these high efficiency materials were produced, and as improvements in instrumentation allowed the full potential of these materials to be realised. As hplc has developed, the particle size of the stationary phase used has... 

Ichihara, H., Fukushima, T., Imai, K. (1999).. Enantiomeric determination of d- and L-lactate in rat serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with a cellulose-type chiral stationary phase and fluorescence detection. Anal. Biochem. 269, 379-385. 

Tanaka, M., Yamazaki, H. (1996). Direct determination of pantoprazole enantiomers in human serum by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase and column-switching system as a sample cleanup procedure. Anal. Chem. 68, 1513-16. 

Aboul-Enein and Ali [78] compared the chiral resolution of miconazole and two other azole compounds by high performance liquid chromatography using normal-phase amylose chiral stationary phases. The resolution of the enantiomers of ( )-econazole, ( )-miconazole, and (i)-sulconazole was achieved on different normal-phase chiral amylose columns, Chiralpak AD, AS, and AR. The mobile phase used was hexane-isopropanol-diethylamine (400 99 1). The flow rates of the mobile phase used were 0.50 and 1 mL/min. The separation factor (a) values for the resolved enantiomers of econazole, miconazole, and sulconazole in the chiral phases were in the range 1.63-1.04 the resolution factors Rs values varied from 5.68 to 0.32. 

In this study, Ali and Aboul-Enein [80] used cellulose tr is (3,5-d ich Ioropheny 1 carbamate) chiral stationary phase for the enantioseparation of miconazole and other clinically used drugs by high performance liquid chromatography. The mobile... 

Okamoto et al [85] performed the optical resolution of primaquine and other racemic drugs by high performance liquid chromatography using cellulose and amylose tris-(phenylcarbamate) derivatives as chiral stationary phases. Primaquine and other compounds were effectively resolved by cellulose and/or amylose derivatives having substituents such as methyl, tertiary butyl, or halogen, on the phenyl groups. 

FEURLE, J., JOMAA, H., WILHELM, M GUTSCHE, W.B., HERDRICH, M., Analysis of phosphorylated carbohydrates by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry utilising p-cyclodextrin bonded stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1998,803,111-119. 

Figure 1-14. Chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography.

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