High explosive rocket

HE, RA (High-Explosive, Rocket Action) Projectile used in 105-mm Semifixed Ammunition M548 is shown here in Fig 43b, where it is briefly described (Ref 52 Appendix, pp 2-115 2-116)... 

Incineration is a widely used and proven technology with a long history of research and development. In the US incinerators are being used as deactivation furnaces for the treatment of ammunition containing gun propellants, high explosives, rocket propellants, igniters and primary explosives. It can be used also for remediation of soil contaminated with explosives. 

For military purposes high explosives are used as filling for shell, bombs and warheads of rockets. The basic requirements for such explosives are the following ... 

When mixed with hydrocarbons in approximately stoicheiometric proportions, a sensitive highly explosive mixture is produced which needs careful handling [1,2], The use of such mixtures as rocket propellants has also been investigated [3], Explosion of only 10 g of a mixture with toluene caused 10 deaths and 20 severe injuries [4], The mixture contained excess toluene in error [5], Detonation characteristics of mixtures with benzene, toluene (and nitrobenzene) were studied [6],... 

The U.S. 3.5" high explosive antitank rocket (or similar rockets used by other modem military forces) can be cannibalized or altered and used in a variety of improvised techniques. It can be placed as a shaped charge or land mine or it can be launched either electrically or nonelectrically without use of the rocket launcher. Such improvised firing offers the advantages of rigging the rocket as a booby trap or, at least, permitting the operator to be well out of the area before the rocket fires. 

These double-base propellants are best known as smokeless propellants used in guns and rockets. Two major ingredients are used to formulate the double-base propellant grains NG and NG. As covered in Section 4.2.2, NG is a nitrate ester characterized by -O-NO2 groups, and is known as a high explosive. Since NG is a liquid at room temperature, it is absorbed by NG and serves to gelatinize the latter to form... 

Uses. High explosive oxidant in rocket fuels processing of leather metal etching... 

High-explosive train) 181-84 (Small arms primers) 235-39 (Fuzes for hand grenades) 241-50 (Firing devices for antipersonnel mines and booby traps) 257 (Fuze for rifle grenade) 259-60 (Fuze for 2.36-inch rocket) 263-67 (Fuze for antitank mine) ... 

Rocket fuel Ammonium nitrate, Aluminum powder. Polyester resin. Ammonium bicarbonate. Charcoal powder Secondary high explosive... 

Classification, Missiles are commonly classified by their launch and target environments, as well as by popular names. Other methods of classifying guided missiles are by trajectory, speed (subsonic, sonic or supersonic), propulsion (air breathers, usually jets or rockets), guidance (command, Inertial or homing), payload (such as nuclear, high explosive, or electronic jammer), and purpose (strategic or tactical, offensive or defensive)... 

Because of the importance of rocket liquid propellants a separate chapter will be dedicated to these mixtures. It will also include liquid high explosives. 

The liquid explosives of the type outlined above may serve not only as high explosives but also as propellants for rocket propulsion. Liquids which are not explosives in the strict sense, but which undergo violent decomposition under certain conditions, with heat emission and gas evolution, may also be used for this purpose. The liquids employed for rocket propulsion are called propergols. 

Ammonium perchlorate is used as a component of perchlorate high explosives. Lately it has been brought into prominence as a constituent of solid rocket fuels, the combustible components of which include such polymers as thiokol and methyl polymethacrylate (Vol. III). Hence a considerable interest has recently been taken in ammonium perchlorate. 

Interest in the possible existence of hydrogen as a melal is spurred by the prospect that hydrogen may be able lo conduct electricity with zero resistance near room temperature and thui. because of the tremendous concentration ol energy, as contrasted with liquid hydrogen, it could serve as a rocket fuel and high explosive. 

Uses Nitroglycerin (or glyceryltrinitrate) is a pale yellow, oily liquid also available in the form of rhombic crystals. It is highly explosive. It is used in combination with ethylene glycol dinitrite in the manufacture of dynamites, explosives, rocket propellants, smokeless powders, and guncotton. 

High explosives may be class d according to their physical properties as powdery, meltable, semi-meltable and plastic. Propellants may be grouped on the basis of chemical composition into gun powder and similar mixtures, nitrocellulose (single base) and nitroglycerine (double base) powders, With respect to their uses and some properties they are divided into black powder, smokeless and flashless powders, and rocket propellants. 

In decomposition processes (detonation in the case of high explosives or burning processes in the case of gunpowders and rocket propellants), the kilogram CaHbOcNd is converted into one kilogram... 

Covalently bound and ionic nitronium and nitrosonium oxalate were researched with respect to their potential use as energetic materials or oxidizers for solid rocket motors. None of these compounds can be expected to be a good high explosive. However, the covalent molecule oxalic acid dinitrate ester, 02N—02C—C02—N02, was identified to be a potentially interesting oxidizer. 

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