Hexane solubility

Research on catalytic coal Hquefaction was also carried out using an emulsified molybdenum catalyst added to the slurry medium to enhance rates of coal conversion to distiUate (26). Reaction at 460°C, 13.7 MPa (1980 psi) in the presence of the dispersed catalyst was sufficient to greatiy enhance conversion of a Pittsburgh No. 8 biturninous coal to hexane-soluble oils ... 

Conversion of coal to benzene or hexane soluble form has been shown to consist of a series of very fast reactions followed by slower reactions (2 3). The fast initial reactions have been proposed to involve only the thermal disruption of the coal structure to produce free radical fragments. Solvents which are present interact with these fragments to stabilize them through hydrogen donation. In fact, Wiser showed that there exists a strong similarity between coal pyrolysis and liquefaction (5). Recent studies by Petrakis have shown that suspensions of coals in various solvents when heated to 450°C produce large quantities of free radicals (. 1 molar solutions ) even when subsequently measured at room temperature. The radical concentration was significantly lower in H-donor solvents (Tetralin) then in non-donor solvents (naphthalene) (6). 

In this paper we have looked firstly at the effect that the catalyst concentration, secondly at the effect that the reactor temperature and finally at the effect that the residence time at temperature have on the chemical structure of the oils (hexane soluble product) produced on hydropyrolysis (dry hydrogenation) of a high volatile bituminous coal. Generally, the hydropyrolysis conditions used in this study resulted in oil yields that were considerably higher than the asphaltene yields and this study has been limited to the effects that the three reaction conditions have on the chemical nature of the oils produced. 

The Effect of Catalyst Concentration The first parameter that was studied was the effect of the catalyst concentration. Samples impregnated with 1, 5, 10 and 15% tin as stannous chloride and a sample with no catalyst were hydrogenated at 450°C to investigate the effect that increasing catalyst concentration has on the composition of the oil (hexane soluble portion) formed. 

To summarize our effort, we found that C0/H20/K0H systems converted Illinois No. 6 coal to a material which was fully pyridine soluble, 51% benzene soluble, and 18% hexane soluble. As with the basic alcoholic systems, there were significant reductions in organic sulfur levels, and moderate reductions in nitrogen levels. 

Finally, a mixture containing equal parts of A1- and A2-dialin was found to be a more effective donor solvent than either of the A1- or A2-dialins separately. At 400 C and 0.5 hr reaction time, the mixture of donors yielded 11% more pyridine-solubles and 8% more hexane-solubles than the average for the separate donors. 

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (fruits) (Hexane soluble part) Myrtaceae 91 17.5... 

The EtOH extract of Ipomoea dichroa Choisy was fractionated into different organic solvents. The n-hexane-soluble fraction was resolved by column chromatography to afford dichrosides A-D. The major component dichroside D (hexadecanoic acid, (115)-[(0-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1 3)-0-[ S-D-glucopyranosyl-(l—>4)]-0-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1 4)-0-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(l—>2)-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]) was subjected to catalytic hydrogenation. 

Chloroform extraction of the whole products of dry hydrogenation (400 C 60 min 5% Mo 7 MPa H,) of PSOC-1266 produced a strongly fluorescent extract and non-fIncrescent residue. After drying, the extract was seen under the microscope to contain two components with distinctive fluorescence characteristics (Fig. 7). Component 1 had a fluorescence spectrum very similar to that of the oil (hexane-soluble) fraction of the same... 

The principal impurities are a benzene-insoluble brown tar and hexane-soluble ethyl /3-cyanoacrylate. 

Table 4. Effects of varions lipid fractions of chloroform methanol extract (1 1,v/t) (a), acetone- soluble and -insoluble fractions (b), and n-hexane-soluble and -insoluble fractions (c) on tumor volume at 20 d and tumor weight at 21 din sarcoma 180-bearing mice1...

Sample Number0 Initial Weight Fractionated (g) Hexane-Soluble Fraction (g) Ether-Soluble Fraction (g) Acetone-Soluble Fraction (g) Insoluble Fraction (g) from Total Amount Fractionated... 

The products were solvent fractionated into hexane soluble (HS), hexane insoluble-benzene soluble (HI-BS), and benzene insoluble (Bl) fractions. The yields of these solvent-fractionated products after hydrotreatment of SRC are plotted against the reaction time in Fig. 13. The overall activities of the catalysts were very similar to those of the commercial catalyst in spite of their lower surface areas. Both exploratory catalysts (Cat-A and Cat-B) showed similar reaction profiles, which were markedly different from those of the commercial catalyst. The BI fraction decreased over the exploratory catalysts equally as well as the over the commercial catalyst. However, the HS fraction hardly increased as long as the BI fraction was present. As the result, the HI-BS fraction increased to a maximum just before the BI fraction disappeared and then rapidly decreased to complete conversion after about 9 hr. The rate of HS formation increased correspondingly during this time. Thus, the exploratory catalysts were found to exhibit a preferential selectivity for conversion of heavier components of SRC, compared to the commercial catalyst. These results emphasize that the chemical and physical natures of the support are important in catalyst design (49). 

Boiling hexane-soluble fraction of a bisphenol-A oligomer prepared in aqueous caustic... 

When product made with a 2 1 ratio of BPA to sodium hydroxide was extracted with boiling hexane, a 45% yield of monomer bisphenol-A bischloroformate could be isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction. The GPC curves of the product isolated by the boiling-hexane extraction are shown in Figure 4. The GPC curve indicates that a small amount... 

Et2AlCl Catalyst. Under the same conditions as above 20 grams of PVC and 2 grams of cis-1,4-polybutadiene, prepared with an alkyl-aluminum-titanium tetraiodide catalyst system (95% cis-1,4 content, intrinsic viscosity at 25°C in benzene 2.2) in 200 ml chlorobenzene were allowed to react in the presence of 2 mmoles of Et2AlCl at 5°-10°C for 60 minutes. The reaction product was isolated by precipitation in methanol and dried to yield 22.0 grams of modified poly (vinyl chloride). Hexane extraction under reflux for 24 hours removed 8% of hexane-soluble material. 

The hexane-soluble impurity is believed to originate in the vinyl acetate. This purification may not be necessary in all cases. 

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