Herpesviruses receptors

Rucker J, Edinger AL, Sharron M et al (1997) Utilization of chemokine receptors, orphan receptors, and herpesvirus-encoded receptors by diverse human and simian immunodefidency viruses. J Virol 71 8999-9007... 

Burger M, Burger JA, Hoch RC, Oades Z, Takamori H, Schraufstatter IU. Point mutation causing constitutive signaling of CXCR2 leads to transforming activity similar to Kaposi s sarcoma herpesvirus-G protein-coupled receptor. 1 Immunol 1999 163(4) 2017-2022. 

Gershengom MC, Geras-Raaka E, Varma A, Clark-Lewis I. Chemokines activate Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor in mammalian cells in culture. J Clin Invest 1998 102(8) 1469-1472. 

Couty JP, Gershengom MC. Insights into the viral G protein-coupled receptor encoded by human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8). Biol Cell 2004 96(5) 349-354. 

Arvanitakis L, Geras-Raaka E, Varma A, Gershengom MC, Cesarman E. Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 1997 385(6614) 347-350. 

Bais C, Santomasso B, Coso O, et al. G-protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and angiogenesis activator. Nature 1998 391(6662) 86-89. 

Yang TY, Chen SC, Leach MW, et al. Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi s sarcoma. J Exp Med 2000 191 (3) 445 154. 

There is a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligonucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo. The most common vector systems are based on viral [retroviruses (9, 10), adeno-associated virus (AAV) (11), adenovirus (12, 13), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (14)] andnonviral [cationic liposomes (15,16), polymers and receptor-mediated polylysine-DNA] complexes (17). Other viral vectors that are currently under development are based on lentiviruses (18), human cytomegalovirus (CMV) (19), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (20), poxviruses (21), negative-strand RNA viruses (influenza virus), alphaviruses and herpesvirus saimiri (22). Also a hybrid adenoviral/retroviral vector has successfully been used for in vivo gene transduction (23). A simplified schematic representation of basic human gene therapy methods is described in Figure 13.1. 

It has been known for some time that herpesviruses encode functional chemokine receptors (11). One of the theories for the existence of such receptors is that they play an important part in allowing the virus to disseminate itself in vivo (see ref. 12 for a review). In late 1996, this picture was complicated further when automated searches for novel chemokines, such as those described above, uncovered two or three new chemokines in herpesvirus 8,... 

Li, H., and Nicholas, J. (2002). Identification of amino acid residues of gpl30 signal transducer and gp80 alpha receptor subunit that are involved in ligand binding and signaling by human herpesvirus 8-encoded interleukin-6. / Virol. 76, 5627-5636. 

Ho, H. H., Du, D., and Gershengom, M. C. (1999). The N terminus of Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor is necessary for high affinity chemokine binding but not for constitutive activity. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 31327-31332. 

Yao Z, Fanslow WC, Seldin MF, et al. Herpesvirus Saimiri encodes a new cytokine, IL-17, which binds to a novel cytokine receptor. Immunity 1995 3 ... 

Couty JP, Gershengorn MC (2005) G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26 405-411... 

The tumor cells of KHE manifest expression of several endothelial markers. CD34, PPN, and FLTl are generally found, but factor Vlll-related antigen and UEAI are usually absent.KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV [HTIV8])-related nucleic acid or proteins have not been found in KHE. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 has been identihed in this tumor, in common with other endothelial proliferations. ... 

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