Herpes simplex virus infection acyclovir-resistant

Erlich KS, Mills J, Chatis P, Mertz GJ, Busch DF, Follansbee SE, Grant RM, Crumpacker CS. Acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex virus infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1989 320(5) 293-6. 

Darville JM, Ley BE, Roome AP, et al. Acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infections in a bone marrow transplant transplant population. Bone Marrow Tranplant 1998 22 587-589. 

Catechins and proanthocyanidins have a documented antiviral activity. Catechins from an extract of Cocos nucifera husk fibre exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-l-ACVr) [62]. The use of 10 to 20ngml of ECG and EGCG has been reported to cause 50% inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase [89], while Kara and Nakayama [90] reported that a patented chewing gum containing tea catechins is claimed to prevent viral infections against influenza and to inhibit dissemination of this virus. 

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) /nfecf/ons Treatment of acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous HSV infections in immunocompromised patients. 

In a recent investigation of phenolic compounds tested, using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected Vero cells, caffeic acid has been reported to inhibit virus replication [91], In a related study [92], chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 replication without any cytotoxicity. However, flavonoids have exhibited cytotoxicity at the same concentration [92],... 

Vidarabine [vye DARE a been] arabinofuranosyl adenine, ara-A, adenine arabinoside) is one of the most effective of the nucleoside analogs and is also the least toxic. However, it has been supplanted clinically by acyclovir, which is more efficacious and safe. Although vidarabine is active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), its use is limited to treatment of immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex keratitis or encephalitis, or VZV infections. Vidarabine, an adenosine analog, is converted in the cell to its 5 -triphosphate analog (ara-ATP), which is postulated to inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Some resistant herpes virus... 

Malvy D, TreRhaud M, Boues S, et al. A retrospective, case-control smdy of acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex virus. Clin Infect Dis 2005 41(3) 320-326. 

Foscamet is used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and mucocutaneous acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. It may also be beneficial in other types of CMV or HSV infections (Wagstaff and Bryson, 1994). 

Gateley A, Gander RM, Johnson PC, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 meningoencephalitis resistant to acyclovir in a patient with AIDS. J Infect Dis 1990 161 711-715. 

Cidofovir is an acyclic nucleotide analogue of the monophosphate of cytosine. When phosphorylated by host cellular enzymes, the active compound cidofovir diphosphate has broad activity against the herpes viruses, including CMV, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus. Cidofovir is used primarily in treatment of CMV retinitis in patients who have failed treatment with ganciclovir or foscamet and in acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex infections. 

Foscamet is an antiviral agent that inhibits replication of all known herpes viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is indicated in the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS treatment of acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous HSV infections in immunocompromised patients and as combination therapy with ganciclovir for patients who have relapsed after monotherapy with either drug. 

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