Triazole herbicides

Besides being useful precursors to pyrroles pyridine-2-ones -4-ones, -4-thiones. and -4-imines 4-alkylidene-dihydropyridines thiophenes 1,2,4-triazoles thiapyrane-2-thiones, isoquinoline-3-ones isoben-zothiophenes and 4-mercaptoimidazolium hydroxide inner salts, mesoionic thiazoles are potentially useful in the construction of molecules with herbicidic (39). central nerve stimulating, and antiinflammatory properties (40,41). Application in dye synthesis has likewise been reported (42). 

Substituted-thiazolo[3,2-A][l,2,4]triazoles have been investigated showing high herbicidal activity against diseases office <2004JAP 182623, 2002W0102809>. 

A series of benzoxazolo[3,2-r][l,2,4]triazoles have been synthesized and submitted to herbicidal and fungicidal testing < 1997IJC(B)711 >, the most active being compound 385 (Figure 25) in both analyses. 

Chlorophenols, manufacture of, 23 654 Chlorophenoxy acid herbicides, 73 304 (E) -(RS) -1 -(4-Chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2-(lH- l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-pent-l-en-3-ol, 73 47—48. See also 4-Chlorophenyl-4,4- dimethyltriazol pentenol 4-Chlorophenyl-4,4-dimethyltriazol pentenol, 73 40t, 47 48 Chlorophosphazenes, 19 55, 56 in silicone polymerization, 22 556... 

Studies have been made of the fate of 3-amino 1,2,4 triazole herbicide in soils [106], while adsorption of aminotriazole by clay minerals has been postulated, little is known of the interaction with pure clay minerals, particularly of the montmorillonite group. The importance of such reactions cannot be overemphasized in view of their bearing on the persistence of the herbicide in the soil. 

Releases of thiocyanate to soil result from anthropogenic and natural sources. Anthropogenic releases occur primarily from direct application in herbicidal formulations (e.g., amitrol-T, a mixture of ammonium thiocyanate and amino-1,2,4-triazole) and from disposal as byproducts from industrial processes. Nonanthropogenic sources include damaged or decaying tissues of plants from the family Brassica (e.g., mustard, rape) (Brown and Morra 1993). Thiocyanate has been detected in soil samples collected at 2 of the 8 hazardous waste sites, and in sediment samples at 3 of the 8 hazardous waste sites where thiocyanate has been detected in some medium (HazDat 1996). The HazDat information used includes data from both NPL and other Superfund sites. 

Amino-l,2,4-triazole (amitrole, 80), a non-selective herbicide, is an example of a chemical for which the acute and chronic toxicities show markedly different results, illustrating the danger of assuming a chemical to be non-hazardous simply because of its low acute... 

Irradiation of 1,2,4-triazine 4-oxides (124) led to the deoxygenated products, and also, when position 5 was unsubstituted, to 1,2,4-triazoles (364) (76LA153). 4-Amino-l,2,4-triazin-5-ones (365) are photochemically deaminated. This has been demonstrated, in particular, with the 6-r-butyl-3-methylthio compound (8) which is used as a herbicide... 

The most obvious effect of 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole) (5) in plants is the lack of chloroplasts, resulting in a bleached appearance and diminished photosynthesis, although an effect on the synthesis of protein is probably involved as a more fundamental mechanism of herbicidal activity. 

A herbicide, thus handled on large scale in industry, this is the only triazole and simplest heterocyclamine featured in this table of AH j values. Someone must have had particular reason to establish its thermodynamic properties, though the Editor can find no incidents reported. 

A variety of herbicides have been used in combination with simazine and other triazines. These herbicides have preemergence and postemergence activity and are primarily effective on grass and perennial weeds. The preemergence herbicides used in combinations with simazine include oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, norflurazon, oxy-fluorfen, and diuron. Glyphosate, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, and amino triazole (used in some parts of the world) are... 

Amitrole is a nonselective systemic triazole herbicide. It is used for control of annual grasses and perennial and annual broadleaf weeds, for poison ivy control, and for control of aquatic weeds in marshes and drainage ditches. This compound is compatible with many other herbicides. It is available as wettable powders, soluble concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Amitrole was involved in the Delaney Clause s first enforcement.1213... 

A number of mesoionic 1,2,3,4-oxa- and -thia-triazoles, prepared by standard methods, were assessed for pesticidal and herbicidal activity (79BRP2015878). Pharmacological activity of mesoionic compounds has been reviewed (76AHC(19)l). 

Uses herbicide, soyabeans, maize Trade names Broadstrike, (DowElanco) Type pyrimidine, triazole, sulfonamide... 

The degradation of a solution with 100 mg dm-3 TOC of the herbicide amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) of pH 3.0 in the Pt/02 cell of Fig. 19.3 has been further studied by Da Pozzo et al. (2005b). Complete decontamination was achieved by electro-Fenton with ImM Fe2+, although with a low accumulation of released... 

While 1,2,4-triazoles have found broad application as herbicides, fungicides and antibacterial agents, 1,2,3-triazoles have been detected only in the last decade to possess significant biological activity, which makes them of interest in the area of agrochemicals (B-77MI4H02). 

Although some derivatives, particularly the furylidene compound, are more effective for some purposes, none of the more complex triazole derivatives patented as herbicides has been able to displace aminotriazole. 

Bis-(4-thiazolidinones) (234), on treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, undergo cyclodehydration to furnish 7//-bis-(thiazolo)-[3,4-f 3, 2 -J]-5-triazol-3(2//)-ones (235) (85JIC147) (Scheme 57). Compounds 235 in general were found to be more potent herbicides than their precursors, 234, suggesting that 235 must be compact and possess planar structure. 

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