Herbal medicine tissue

Chinese Herbal Medicines. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been screened for radioprotective activity in experimental animals. In one study of more than a thousand Chinese herbs, a number of agents increased the survival rate of dogs exposed to a lethal dose of y-rays by 30—40%, and some symptoms of radiation injury were ameHorated. These effects are potentially related to stimulation of the hemopoietic and immune systems (130). Extracts of five Chinese dmg plants, as weU as aspirin, effectively protected mice exposed to 7.5—8.0 Gy (750—800 rad) of y-radiation, and increased survival rates by 8—50% (131). Several Chinese traditional medicines, adininistered ip before or after irradiation, protected against Hpid peroxidation in a variety of mouse tissues, including BM, Hver, and spleen, as weU as in mouse Hver microsomal suspensions irradiated in vitro (132). 

MATSUMOTO T, YAMADA H (2000) Orally administered Kampo (lapanese herbal) medicine, Juzen-Taiho-To modulates cytokine secretion in gut associated lymphoreticular tissues in mice. Phytomedicine. 6 425-30. 

However, the information derived from a detailed pharmacokinetic study will help to anticipate potential botanical product-drug interactions, to optimize the bioavailability, the quality, and hence the efficacy of herbal medicines, to support evidence for the synergistic nature of herbal medicines, and to better appreciate the safety and toxicity of the plant. Because pharmacokinetic studies with herbal medicines are often complicated by their chemical complexity and by the fact that the active compounds are often unknown, it could be one future issue to assess bioavailability by measuring surrogate parameters in plasma or tissue instead of directly assaying putative active compounds in the blood. In summary, to use HMPs in an evidence-based approach and to achieve the status rational phytomedicine, more experimental studies are needed to characterize the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of botanical products. 

Astringent Substance that causes constriction of tissues. In herbal medicine, usually a plant that contains tannins, stops bleeding, and reduces inflammation. In any event, it dries out your mouth if you taste it. 

Panax japonicus var. major is a wild dicotyledonous herb of Araliaceae which is maiidy distributed in southwest China and Himalayas areas . Its root has been used as an expectorant, antitussive and hemostatic in Chinese herbal medicine for a long time. And the main active constituents were thought as a wide range of saponins and sapogenins . Biotechnological alternative, i.e. cullus cultures, cell suspension cultures and hairy root cultures, has been adopted for in vitro saponin production. But, no study has been made for the tissue culture and secondary metabolism of this plant. This paper describes the hairy root culture and its saponin formation. 

Zhou LG, Wu JY. Development and application of medicinal plant tissue cultures for production of drugs and herbal medicinal in China. Nat Prod Rep 2006 23(2) 789-810. 

The characteristics of multiconstituent, multitarget effect mechanisms have restricted the revelation of the active material basis of Chinese herbal medicine, which makes the quality control of herbal medicine a problem. Therefore, study of analytical methods of the chemical constituents in Chinese herbal medicine is not only a significant challenge that pharmaceutical analysts face but also a key link in the investigation of the material basis of Chinese herbal medicine. Generally, there are three types of chemical analysis of Chinese herbal medicine (1) the analysis of chemical constituents in Chinese medicine materials (2) the analysis of chemical constituents in a prescription and (3) the analysis of the original drug and its metabolites in body fluids (such as blood serum, tissue, urine, etc.) or in vitro bacteria/cell metabolism. The analysis of various trace-level constituents and metabolites in Chinese herbal medicines and their pharmaceutical preparations is critical to the research of such complex mixture systems. 

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