Pigments hemoglobin

Under physiological conditions, CSF is clear and colorless. It may be pink or red if many red blood cells (RBCs) are present, and cloudy if more than 400 elements/mm are present, white blood cells (WBCs) are present, or the protein content is especially high. When blood has been present in the CSF for more than four hours, xanthochromia may occur owing to the presence of hemoglobin pigment from lysed red blood cells. Also, high protein levels (>1.5 g L ) may produce a yellowish color that can simulate xanthochromia of red blood cell origin. 

In hemochromatosis, another hemoglobin pigment, hemofuscin, is also found, and hemosiderosis is extremely marked and extensive. The appearance of the organs at autopsy is most typical. 

Rat (Sprague- Dawley) 13 wk ad lib (F) Hemato Hepatic 3.8 M 0.8 (decreased hemoglobin) 23.4 M (granular brown pigment increased liver weight) Hoechst 1985a Technical... 

Bismuth tritelluride, 4 24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trithiocyanate, 4 25 Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, 19 405-406 pigment for plastics, 7 370t Bismuthyl carbonate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrite hemihydrate, 4 25 Bis(lV-maleimidomethyl) ether (BME), hemoglobin modifier, 4 113 Bisoprolol fumarate, molecular formula and structure, 5 156t Bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane, 13 638 Bis(pentafluorophenyl)tri-4-tolylbismuth, 4 35... 

Studies investigating the bioavailability of P.Y.17 in rats, applied not only orally but also by inhalation, in no case showed the presence of any cleavage product of the pigment (e.g., 3,3-dichlorobenzidine or metabolites) in the urine or blood of the animals [31]. Similar studies were carried out with P.Y.13 and 174 [32], Recently the non-bioavailability of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine from P.Y.13 and P.Y.17 was confirmed by means of molecular dosimetry for hemoglobin and DNA adducts [33]. 

Lest hemoglobin be regarded as indispensable to vertebrate life, let me draw attention to the existence of three species of large antarctic fish devoid of erythrocytes or blood pigment (41). The amount of dissolved oxygen their very cold colorless blood can carry is only one-eighth of... 

Sagelsdorff P, Haengii R, Heuberger B, et al. 1996. Lack of bioavailability of dichlorobenzidine from diarylide azo pigments Molecular dosimetry for hemoglobin and DNA adduets. Careinogenesis 17(3) 507-514. 

Zwimer-Baier I, Neumann HG. 1994. Biomonitoring of aromatic amines FV Use of hemoglobin adducts to demonstrate the bioavailability of cleavage products from diaiylide azo pigments in vivo. Arch Toxicol 68(1) 8-14. 

The yellow color of urine is due to uro-chromes, which are related to the bile pigments produced by hemoglobin degradation (see p. 194). If urine is left to stand long enough, oxidation of the urochromes may lead to a darkening in color. 

Bilirubin derives largely from senescent erythrocyte hemoglobin [for reviews, see references (F9, G7, L6, S3, Wll)]. When transported in plasma the pigment is bound to albumin (B9, 04). Dissociation from albumin precedes rapid uptake by liver tissues (B4, Bll, B29). This uptake and the transfer of bilirubin to its sites of metabolism may be mediated by cytoplasmic binding proteins (G8, Gll, L8, M9). 

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