Hedonic properties

Even more importantly, URB597 seems to lack hedonic properties, as it had no effect on two rat models of abuse potential, the conditioned place preference test and the drug discrimination test (Kathuria et al., 2003). Similar results have been recently obtained also in experiments with monkeys (Justinova et al., 2008). 

The notion of an incentive arousal role of DA has some similarities with that envisioned by Wise (1982) in his revised anhedonia hypothesis. It is notable, however, that, even in the revised anhedonia hypothesis, the main function of DA remains that of mediating hedonia, consistently with the notion that incentives acquire not only the response-eliciting but also the hedonic properties of the rewards to which they are conditioned, thus becoming conditioned rewards (Bindra, 1974, 1978). 

Leeb K, Parker L, Eikelboom R (1991) Effects of pimozide on the hedonic properties of sucrose analysis by the taste reactivity test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39 895-901. 

Its nonmedical use, for its hedonic properties, began in the early 19th century in... 

These three implications of conventional economic theory have had far-reaching effects on public policy, despite their incompatibility with the views held by nearly all noneconomists. In the analysis which takes up the rest of this book I will refer to them respectively as the efficiency, equity, and hedonic properties of the competitive market model. I will explore the underlying model on its own terms to determine more precisely the conditions that are required for each of these properties to hold. This will involve a detailed review of the theoretical structure of the model, as well as the econometric procedures required to compensate for the lack of fully satisfactory data. 

Weak compensation directly imdermines the equity and hedonic properties of market-based risk. Workers will not be equally well-off those in dangerous jobs will suffer more, just as the popular view contends. Moreover, the coefficients on risk in wage r ressions will understate the true utility value workers place on safety, since thdr compensation still leaves them worse off than those in safer jobs. Remarkably, this is true even though the efficiency property continues to hold, as we saw above. ... 

Evidence consistent with this conclusion has been recently obtained by Pecina et al. (2003) in the genetically-engineered DAT knockdown mice, who carry a subtotal reduction in the expression of DAT which results in an increased steady-state level of extracellular DA (Pecina et al., 2003). Compared to the wild-type mice, the knockdown mice show faster running for food in a straight runway and an increased food intake, which results in an increased body weight. This increased motivation for food was not the result of increased rewarding properties of food as estimated from the hedonic reactions to intraoral infusion of sucrose. These studies therefore are consistent with the idea that sweet reward is independent from DA and that DA plays a role in the incentive, rather than the rewarding properties of food. 

Novelty being a prerequisite for the stimulation of DA release in the NAc shell but not for behavioral hedonic reactions, release of DA in this area is likely to be a consequence rather than the cause of the appetitive properties of taste stimuli, consistent with the idea that taste-hedonia does not depend on DA (Berridge and Robinson, 1998). These observations, however, leave open the issue of a role of DA in state-hedonia (euphoria, eutimia) as distinct from stimulus-bound (e.g. taste) hedonia. 

In order to produce the information needed for a hedonic analysis of the demand for pesticide characteristics (Soderqvist, Chapters, this volume), five properties of the herbicides, for which a continuous quantification was possible, have been selected price, persistence, action spectrum, reliability and toxicity. These properties cover approximately 10 out of 13 of the factors indicated in Table 2.5. Quantitative information for the five properties has been provided for the alternatives to atrazine, in order to provide input data for economic modelling (Soderqvist, Chapter 3, this volume). 

Dravnieks, A. Contribution of molecular properties of odorants to the hedonic value of their odors. Paper presented at the 7th Symposium of the Sense of Smell, Cannes, France, 1972. 

Having presented in Appendix 3A the technical details of how the labor market establishes hedonic equilibrium we now fill in the details of the structural equations underlying the matching of workers to jobs by injury risk. We fill out the structure of our numerical simulations by describing the quantitative properties of workers utility functions including the distribution of workers by risk preferences, firms profit functions including the distribution of employers by their costs of injury reduction, and the economic properties of product and input markets. 

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