3-Hederin

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is teratogenic in rats, and fetal skeletal defects are prominent. Embryofetal zinc deficiency secondary to changes induced by substances in maternal Zn metabolism is a well-established mechanism for developmental toxicity (29-31). Several substances, including urethane and alpha-hederin cause similar malformations as Zn deficiency in rodents. A number of mechanistic studies have shown that these substances act via an acute-phase reaction induction of metallothionein in the maternal liver which binds systemically available Zn in the pregnant animal. This results in a systemic redistribution of Zn. As a consequence the substances produce a transient but developmentally adverse Zn deficiency in the... 

Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean H. helix L. Chang Chun Ton (leaf) Hederin, hederaic acid, tannic acid, oleic acid.50 For cough, headache, diaphoretic, emmenagogue. 

N.A. Hedera helix L. Tannins, hederin, aglycone, iodine, beta-elemone, elixen, hederacoside B, hederacoside C, germacrene B.100 An expectorant with antispasmodic and cardiac actions. 

Takechi, M., Tanaka, Y. Structure-activity relationships of the saponin a-hederin. Phytochemistry 1990 29 451-452. 

Daston, G.P., G.J. Overmann, D. Baines, M.W. Taubeneck, L.D. Lehman-McKeeman, J.M. Rogers, and C.L. Keen. 1994. Altered Zn status by alpha-hederin in the pregnant rat and its relationship to adverse developmental outcome. Reprod. Toxicol. 8(l) 15-24. 

Betulic acid (triterpene) a-Hederin (= Sapindoside A) (triterpene glycoside, saponin)... 

Shi, J.Z. and Liu, G.T. (1996) Effect of alpha-hederin and sapindoside B on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in mice. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 17, 264. 

The Hederae folium trade sample 3 and commercial extrart 5 show low concentrations of saponin zones at Rf 0.2-0.3 and p-hederin at R, 0.75. The commercial extract 4 is prepared from Ptederae terrestris herba. 

NCI s in vivo Helllow Fiber Assay in nude mice after evaluation of nontoxicity (maximum tolerated dose, MTD > 600 mg/kg) [35]. In the in vivo experiments, kalopanaxsaponin A (referenced as oc-hederin) (3) from... 

Numeroits diverse compoimds have been shown to mediate developmental toxicity by altering maternal and embryo/fetal zinc metabolism. For example, the saponin, a-hed-erirt, which is a component of oriental herbs used to treat hepatitis and infectious diseases, has been shown to induce maternal liver MT and zinc concentrations and result in decreased embryonic zinc, and increased malformations. Using an oral dose of the radioactive isotope Zn, Duffy and coworkers showed that the tissue distribution of Zn reflected the increase in hepatic MT. When rat embryos were cirltured in serum taken from rats two hours after a-hederin treatment (e.g. before the increase in maternal hver MT production), embryo development was normal. In contrast, embryos cultured in serum taken from rats 18 hours after a-hederin treatment (e.g., peak MT production) developed multiple abnormalities. The addition of zinc to the 18-hoirr post-a-hederin treated serum resulted in normal embryonic development indicating that the low zinc content of the serum was directly responsible for the a-hederin-induced teratogenicity. 

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