Heated die

This is a one step economical process for selectively transferring a high quality image to a plastic product. A heated die transfers the pattern from selected transfer tape to a flat plastic surface. Lettering or decorative designs can be transferred in pigmented, wood grain, or metallic finishes. 

Haudicquer de Blancourt then told how Father Neri prepared Zaffer by heating die ore to redness m die furnace, sprinkling it with vinegar, grinding it, and washing it by decantation with warm water (73, 74). In his Ars Vitraria Experimentalis Johann Kunckel explained that the acetic acid used in this process was unnecessary and that the roasting... 

For the analysis of the matrix flow in pultrusion, the linearly tapered, constant-width die of Figure 11.6 is considered. The treatment herein applies to an idealized process at steady state it is assumed that all fibers in the oversaturated and void-free bundle that enters this heated die are parallel to one another and to the pulling direction throughout the die, and that matrix flows parallel to the fibers only. The tapered section of a die is normally followed by a... 

Sodium anthraquinone-(3-sulphonate ( silver salt ). Place 60 g. of fuming sulphuric acid (40-50 per cent. S03) in a 250 or 500 ml. round-bottomed flask and add 50 g. of dry, finely-powdered anthraquinone (Section IV.145). Fit an air condenser to the flask and heat die mixture slowly in an oil bath, with occasional shaking, so that at the end of 1 hour the temperature has reached 160°. Allow to cool and pour the warm mixture carefully into a 2 litre beaker containing 500 g. of crushed ice. Boil for about 15 minutes and filter off the unchanged anthraquinone at the pump. Neutralise the hot filtrate with sodium hydroxide and allow to cool, when the greater part of the sodium anthraquinone- (3-sulphonate separates as silvery glistening plates ( silver salt ). Filter these with suction and dry upon filter paper or upon a porous plate. A second crop of crystals may be isolated by concentration of the filtrate to half the original volume. The yield is 40-45 g. 

Bismuth(III) oxide, Bi O is the compound produced by heating the metal, or its carbonate, in air. It is definitely a basic oxide, dissolving readily 111 acid solutions, and unlike the arsenic or antimony compounds, not amphiprotic in solution, although it forms stoichiometric addition compounds on heating with oxides of a number of other metals. It exists in three modifications, white rhombohedral, yellow rhombohedral, and gray-black cubical, Bismuth(II) oxide. BiO, has been produced by heating die basic oxalate. 

A second method to efficientiy produce mediyl esters of carboxylic acids is to heat die acid with potassium carbonate and mediyl iodide. The mediyl ester is produced under mild conditions and is easily separated from die reaction byproducts. This method is somewhat different in tiiat die ester is formed by a nucleophilic displacement of iodide by die carboxylate ion. Normally carboxy-lates are not thought of as good nucleophiles—and tiiey are not—but mediyl iodide is a quite reactive electrophile which matches die poor nucleophilicity of die carboxylate satisfactorily. 

In the pultrusion process, continuous fibers are impregnated by the thermoset precursors and are pulled through a heated die where the cure takes place this produces continuous profiles of different shapes at a rate of the order of 1 m min-1. 

The bare wire is unwound, sometimes by a controlled tension device, and is preheated to a temperature above the Tg or Tm of the polymer to be extruded this is done so that the layer next to the bare wire adheres to it, and to drive moisture or oils off the conductor surface. The wire is fed in the back of the cross-heat die and into a guider tube. Upon exiting the guider, it meets the molten plastic, which covers it circumferentially. Since the wire speed, which is controlled by a capstan at the end of the line, is usually higher than the average melt velocity, a certain amount of drawdown is imposed on the melt anywhere from a value slightly greater than unity to 4. 

In contrast to extrusion, in this process a combination of liquid plastic and continuous fibers (or combined with short fibers) is pulled continuously through a heated die of the shape required for continuous profiles. Glass content typically ranges from 25 to 75wt% for sheet and shapes, and at least 75% for rods. RP shapes include I-beams, L-channels, tubes, angles, rods, sheets, etc. 

Almost exclusively used for extrusion of PVC-U into pipe profile and sheet, extrusion equipment consists of a cylindrical barrel containing two close fitting, intermeshed, Archimedean screws. PVC dry blend is fed in via a hopper at the start of the screws and is conveyed forward, softened, sheared and finally gelled by rotation of the screws and the heat of the barrel. The resulting homogeneous viscous melt is forced through a heated die fitted to the exit end of the barrel. Thereafter the downstream equipment sizes or calibrates, cools and pulls off the product which is also cut to desired lengths. 

Hot wood and cold sulfur, at room temperature, were mixed and pressed in a pre-heated die. 

Hydrolysis in neutral aqueous solutions proceeds slowly at room temperature and more rapidly7 at acidic conditions and elevated temperatures. The hydrolysis—esterification reaction is reversible. Under alkaline conditions hydrolysis is rapid and irreversible. Heating die alkaline hydrolysis product at 200-250°C gives 4,4 -oxydibutyiic acid [7423-25-8] after acidification (148). 

The polymer is not contact with the die wall, and draws as in free tensile drawing, with a neck. The polymer is contained within the heated die, but it is likely that the drawing process is partly controlled by adiabatic heating of the polymer in the necked region. 

In aq soln this reaction goes (in cold) to 93% completion and the same applies to some other lower ketones. For higher ketones it is necessary to heat die mist to complete the reaction and this might decomp the hydroxy lamine hydrochloride... 

Pultrusion is a continuous process involving pulling a collection of fibres on a creel system in the form of a roving, tow, mat or fabric through a resin bath (for impregnation) and then through a heated die to cure the resin and impart a constant cross-section to the product. Figure 6.7. 

Some applications require flexibility to bend and curl the hoses. To accomplish this, the extmded and sintered tubes can be convoluted in a separate step. The tube is passed through a heated die, which melts the PTFE and creates a spiral peak and valley pattern into the tube. A key requirement of the convolution process is to assure that the wall thickness remains uniform, in other words, the tube is not stretched. Any thinning of the wall will weaken and reduce the burst pressure of the hose. Figure 5.31c shows an example of convoluted tube, which is partly braided with stainless steel. 

Fig. 8.91 Cross section through a screw extrusion press for biomass with heated die [B.41].

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