Heat cramps

Heat cramps Muscle cramps, usually of the legs and abdomen, caused by heavy... 

Potassium is contraindicated in patients who are at risk for experiencing hyperkalemia, such as those with renal failure, oliguria, or azotemia (file presence of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood), anuria, severe hemolytic reactions, untreated Addison s disease (see Chap. 50), acute dehydration, heat cramps, and any form of hyperkalemia Potassium is used cautiously in patients with renal impairment or adrenal insufficiency, heart disease, metabolic acidosis, or prolonged or severe diarrhea. Concurrent use of potassium with... 

Oral Severe renal impairment with oliguria or azotemia untreated Addison disease hyperkalemia from any cause adynamia episodica hereditaria acute dehydration heat cramps patients receiving potassium-sparing diuretics or aldosterone-inhibiting agents. 

IV Diseases where high potassium levels may be encountered hyperkalemia renal failure and conditions in which potassium retention is present oliguria or azotemia anuria crush syndrome severe hemolytic reactions adrenocortical insufficiency (untreated Addison disease) adynamica episodica hereditaria acute dehydration heat cramps hyperkalemia from any cause early postoperative oliguria except during Gl drainage. 

Contraindications Concurrent use of potassium-sparing diuretics, digitalis toxicity, heat cramps, hyperkalemia, postoperative oliguria, severe burns, severe renal impairment, shock with dehydration or hemolytic reaction, untreated Addison s disease... 

Adverse health outcomes associated with high environmental temperatures include heatstroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, and heat cramps. Heatstroke (i.e., core body temperature greater than or equal to 105 °F/40.4 °C) is the most serious of these conditions and is characterized by rapid progression of lethargy, confusion, and unconsciousness it is often fatal despite... 

A worker whose body temperature rises above a safe level may be affected by heat stress—a general term that refers to conditions ranging from heat cramps through the more serious heat exhaustion and the potentially life threatening heat stroke. Heat stress is marked by a variety of symptoms ranging from muscle spasms to dizziness, nausea, and coma. This section describes the different heat illnesses and the recommended treatments for each. 

Signs and Symptoms—Fatigue, headache, dizziness, muscle weakness, loss of coordination, fatigue, collapse. Profuse sweating pale, moist, cool skin excessive thirst, dry mouth dark yellow urine. Fast pulse, if conscious. Low or normal oral temperature, rectal temperature usually 99.5-101°F. May also have heat cramps, nausea,... 

The immediate means by which temperature and heat can injure personnel is through burns that can injure the skin and muscles as well as other tissues below the skin. Continued exposure to high temperatures, humidity, or sun is a common cause of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. The same degree of exposure may produce different effects, depending on the susceptibility of the person exposed. 

Thus PPE has its own unique problems and challenges. Principal among these are rapid heat buildup secondary to increased metabolism, increased sweat production, loss of evaporative cooling. and rapid production of dehydration. All of these lead to the production of a metabolic environment that results in a decreased work endurance at maximal levels of exercise, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and possibly heat stroke. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes and respiratory system irritation of the mucosa headache stupor dizziness coughing sputum production wheezing dyspnea heat cramps cessation of respiration loss of consciousness. 

The most common types of heat stress (see Figure 9-1) are heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat rash, transient heat fatigue, and chronic heat fatigue. These various types of heat stress can initiate a number of undesirable bodily reactions, some very serious, including prickly heat, inadequate blood flow to vital body parts, circulatory shock, and cramps. 

Electrolyte imbalance is a problem with heat exhaustion and heat cramps. When people sweat, they lose salt and electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals needed by the body to maintain its proper metabolism and for cells to produce energy. Loss of electrolytes interferes with these functions. Because of this, it is important to use commercially produced sports drinks that contain water, salt, sugar, potassium, or electrolytes to replace those lost through sweating. 

Heat cramps are a form of heat stress caused by salt and potassium depletion. Observable symptoms are primarily muscle spasms that are typically felt in the arms, legs, and abdomen. Heat cramps are caused by salt and potassium depletion from heavy sweating due to working in a hot environment. Drinking just water worsens the problem because... 

Heat Cramps— A type of heat stress that occurs as a result of salt and potassium depletion. 

Extreme heat can cause heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, fainting, or prickly heat, and these conditions can be intensified by certain medications and over-the-counter drugs, or the use of social drugs and/or alcohol. 

Extreme Caution 90 to 103 °F Heat stroke, heat cramps, or heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity... 

Generally, the participation of youngsters in organized sports or other physical activities is considered to be desirable from a health point of view. Such behavior helps prevent the couch potato syndrome and obesity in children that have become health concerns in recent years. However, vigorous exercise in hot, humid weather can cause dehydration, which can lead to mild or severe heat-related illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 

Combined water and salt depletion is a syndrome commonly encountered in clinical medicine. Manifestations are those of both sodium and water deficiency and include anorexia, nausea, weakness, muscle cramps, peripheral vascular collapse (sodium deficiency), thirst, and oliguria (water deficiency). Ingestion of water alone increases the severity %f symptoms. Heat cramps, which occur in persons working in very hot environments, are an example of this syndrome. Deficiency may be prevented by the addition of salt to drinking water to make a final concentration of 0.1 %. 

Bergeron, M.F., 2003. Heat cramps fluid and electrolyte challenges during tennis in the heat. 

Heat Cramps Cramping in the lower extremities and the lower abdomen. Cramps are frequently accompanies by weakness, moist wanii skin and profuse sweating. 

If untreated, heat cramps can progress into heat exhaustion. Listen to your body ... 

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