Hydrochloric acid heat capacity

Hydrolysis of D-(+)-1 (3-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane 2.42 mols (40 g) of the compound are dissolved In 8N hydrochloric acid in a bomb tube consisting of stainless steel and having a capacity of 500 ml. Hydrogen chloride gas is passed into the ice-cooled solution until this is saturated. The solution is then heated to 130°C for 2 hours in an air bath. After cooling and driving off the hydrochloric acid at a slightly elevated temperature, the hydrochloride of the 3-hydroxyphenyl derivative is present in the form of a yellowish syrup. 

Hydrochloric acid oxidizes zinc metal in a reaction that produces hydrogen gas and chloride ions. A piece of zinc metal of mass 8.5 g is dropped into an apparatus containing 800.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl(aq). If the initial temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution is 25°C, what is the final temperature of this solution Assume that the density and molar heat capacity of the hydrochloric acid solution are the same as those of water and that all the heat is used to raise the temperature of the solution. 

A solution of 25 g. of sodium hydroxide in 500 c.c. of water is heated to boiling (porous pot ) in a distilling flask (capacity 1 1.) connected to a downward condenser which is provided with a receiver containing 60 c.c. of 2 A-hydrochloric acid. Through the corked neck of the flask 18-6 g. of nitrosodimethylaniline hydrochloride—preferably the moist reaction product—are added in portions. Each addition is only made after most of the oily drops of the base from the preceding portion have dissolved, and finally the liquid is boiled until it has become reddish-brown. The dimethylamine produced is trapped in the hydrochloric acid in the receiver at the conclusion of the distillation the contents of the receiver must still be acid. They are evaporated to dryness on the wateT bath in a small porcelain or glass basin, and finally the completely anhydrous salt can be recrystallised from a very small amount of absolute alcohol. Yield 5-6 g. 

Why was it fair to assume that the hydrochloric acid solution has the same density and specific heat capacity as water ... 

When the reaction occurs, the temperature of the hydrochloric acid rises from 14.5"C to 29.7"C. What is the percentage purity of the sample Assume that the specific heat capacity of the hydrochloric acid is 4.184 J/g°C. Also assume that all of the zinc in the impure sample reacts. 

The values of (H2 — Hj ) for rounded molalities at 298.15° K were obtained from the plots of (H2 — H >) against ra1/2. The smooth curve was drawn through all the experimental points the average deviation from the smoothed curve was 15 calth mol-1 for 50 mass percent monoglyme. These values are presented in Table XIV and are higher than those found for hydrochloric acid in the same mixed solvents (1). The values of (H2 — H%) in aqueous medium at 298.15° K are given for direct comparison. The relative partial molal heat capacity (Cp — Cp) was calculated by the following formula ... 

The activity coefficients of hydrobromic acid in the mixed solvents are lower, as expected, than those in water (20). Hydrobromic acid completely dissociates in the mixed solvents (e = 49.5 at 298.15° K for the 50 mass percent monoglyme) under investigation. Figure 2 clearly indicates that at a particular molality, the stoichiometric activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid is lower than that of hydrobromic acid in the same mixed solvent, and the heat capacity changes (Cp — Cp) also suggest that there are no ion-pair formations. 

First, a reference background spectrum for the IR spectrophotometer was obtained then the reactor was charged with 35 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The stirrer speed was set to 600 rpm and the reaction temperature, Tr, was set. Next, 2 g of a mixture of 10.7 mmol of acetic anhydride and 15.1 mmol of acetic acid was added at a constant dosing rate of 5 mL min-1. Three experiments were carried out at each of three reaction temperatures, Tr = 25, 40 and 55°C. For the determination of qoos, the heat capacity of the feed mixture (1.83 kj kg-1 K-1) was calculated using the mass fraction and the heat capacities of the pure components (acetic anhydride cp = 1.65kjkg-1 K-1 and acetic acid cp =2.05kjkg-1 K-1). 

The furnace was fired by gas evolved in a producer. First the cover of the muffle g was heated then the lower part. The flue gases were ultimately led into stack s. Temperature above the muffle reached about 900 °C while in the lower part 550 to 600 °C. The final sulphate left the furnace at 450 to 500 °C. The gases with a 30 per cent HC1 content were led through pipe k, fitted at the side of the muffle, into a condensation equipment. The capacity of a muffle 3500 mm in diameter, with salt and bisulphate used as the raw materials, was equal to 7 000 kg of sulphate and 4 300 kg of hydrochloric acid 20/21 °Be, per 24 hours. 

Use the heat of solution data in Table B.IO and solution heat capacity data to (a) calculate the enthalpy of a hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or sodium hydroxide solution of a known composition (solute mole fraction) relative to the pure solute and water at 25 C (b) calculate the required rate of heat transfer to or from a process in which an aqueous solution of HCl, H2SO4, or NaOH is formed, diluted, or combined with another solution of the same species and (c) calculate the final temperature if an aqueous solution of HCl, H2SO4, or NaOH is formed, diluted, or combined with another solution of the same species adiabatically. Perform material and energy balance calculations for a process that involves solutions for which enthalpy-concentration charts are available. 

The heat capacities of aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions are listed on p. 2-184 of Perry s Chemical Engineers Handbook (see footnote 5) as a function of the mole fraction of HCl in the solution, which in our problem is... 

The relative partial molar heat contents (Li) in cal. mole and the relative, partial molar heat capacities ( pi — Cpi) in cal. deg. mole, of the water in hydrochloric acid solutions are as follows ... 

Phenyl Mustard Oil 1 In a flask of about 400 c.c. capacity place 30 grammes of the crude thiocarbanilide, and treat with 120 grammes of concentrated hydrochloric acid the mixture is distilled by heating to the boiling-point of the acid, on a sand-bath, with a large flame under a hood. When only about 20 c.c. of the liquid remain in the flask, the distillation is discontinued. The distillate is treated with an equal volume of water, the mustard... 

---