Heart arrest

Figure 1. Basal metabolism measured in rabbits by a variety of techniques. On the left are some literature myothermic values recorded at 20° C, in the centre of the diagram are some values obtained at IT Cm whole hearts arrested either with high potassium (20 mmol. H) or low calcium (0.1 mmol. H, Ca++ 10 mmol.H, K+) the measurements were made 2 h after cardiectomy. On the right are some values recorded from papillary muscles taken from the same hearts but now bathed in normal Krebs Henseleit solution. The Pq in the oxygen electrode study was 680 torr whilst in the drained myothermic chamber the Pq was —450 torr.

Five abstracts with the index entry arrest are listed under the heading heart, disease in the General Subject Index (Fig. 35). The text modifications indicate that only one of the publications shown here are relevant to the concerned problem (marked with an arrow). The text modification should be read as follows treatment of heart arrest by selective aortic perfusion with perfiuoro-chem. soln. 

Figure 27.4 demonstrates in a strongly simplified fashion that when the heart arrests at 30 s, the volume in the vena cava superior (V25, thin line) increases briefly and then as the CPR is initiated at 40 s, it rapidly loses volume, cycling at very low volumes under transmural pressure control (P, thick line). 

Lethal Arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are a second significant source of cardiovascular problems. An arrhythmia is an abnormal or irregular heart rhythm. Bradyarrhythmias result in heart rates that are too slow tachyarrhythmias cause abnormally fast rates. A bradyarrhythmia can be debiUtating, causing a person to be short of breath, unable to climb stairs, black out, or even to go into cardiac arrest. Tachyarrhythmias can be un settling and painful at best, life-threatening at worst. 

Hypertension /cardiac ischemia/vaso cons trie tion/central 4- blood pressure Hypertension/cardiac ischemia/skel. muscle blood flow Cardiac inotropy bronchospasm/heart rate/ventricular fibrillation Fascil. cardiac arrest/impairs cardiac perform... 

An increase in serum lipids is believed to contribute to or cause atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by deposits of fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries. These deposits result in a narrowing of the lumen (inside diameter) of the artery and a decrease in blood supply to the area served by the artery. When these fatty deposits occur in the coronary arteries, the patient experiences coronary artery disease. Lowering blood cholesterol levels can arrest or reverse atherosclerosis in the vessels and can significantly decrease the incidence of heart disease. 

Bicarbonate is no longer used as the first line treatment during cardiopulmonary resuscitation following cardiac arrest. Recent evidence suggests little benefit, and the drug may actually be detrimental to resuscitation. According to the American Heart Association, bicarbonate is used when all other treatment options have failed. 

Cardioplegia Arrest heart for open heart surgery repair of damaged vessels... 

Correia D, Rodrigues De Resende LA et al (2006) Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-infected and AIDS patients. Pacing CUn Electrophysiol 29(l) 53-58 Craddock C, Pasvol G et al (1987) Cardiorespiratory arrest and autonomic neuropathy in AIDS. Lancet 2(8549) 16-18... 

Hearse, D.J., Humphrey, S.M. and Chain, E.B. (1973). Abrupt reoxygenation of the anoxic potassium arrested perfused rat heart a study of myocardial enzyme release. J. Mol. CeU. Cardiol. 5, 395-407. 

American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care, part 7.2. Management of cardiac arrest. Circulation 2005 112 IV-57 to IV-66. 

Patients who are acutely intoxicated with an opioid usually present with miosis, euphoria, slow breathing and slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and constipation. Seizures may occur with certain agents such as meperidine (Demerol ). It is critically important to monitor patients carefully to avoid cardiac/ respiratory depression and death from an excessive dose of opioids. One strategy is to reverse the intoxication by utilizing naloxone (Narcan ) 0.4 to 2 mg IV every 2 to 3 minutes up to 10 mg. Alternatively, the IM/SC route may be used if IV access is not available. Because naloxone is shorter-acting than most abused opioids, it may need to be readministered at periodic intervals otherwise the patient could lapse into cardiopulmonary arrest after a symptom-free interval of reversed... 

Ischemia occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is temporarily or permanently reduced. The events which may cause ischemia include occlusion of a coronary artery, cardiac arrest, heart failure, a variety of arrhythmias, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic clamping during various cardiac operations. Such ischemia can possibly lead to infarction of the heart muscle and impairing of the heart [127],... 

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