Hearing, effect

Whether radiation is being absorbed or emitted the frequency at which it takes place depends on the velocity of the atom or molecule relative to the detector. This is for the same reason that an observer hears the whistle of a train travelling towards him or her as having a frequency apparently higher than it really is, and lower when it is travelling away from him or her. The effect is known as the Doppler effect. 

Most, if not all, microwave biological effects and potential medical appHcations are beheved to be the result of heating, ie, thermal effects. The phenomenon of microwave hearing, ie, the hearing of clicking sounds when exposed to an intense radar-like pulse, is generally beheved to be a thermoelastic effect (161). Excellent reviews of the field of microwave bioeffects are available (162,163). 

Ototoxicity, as evidenced by transient or permanent hearing loss, is a serious side effect of ethacrynic acid, and occurs less frequently with furosemide. Bumetanide is claimed to have only 20% of the ototoxic potential of furosemide (43). It has been reported that patients treated with torasemide at high doses for four weeks did not suffer hearing loss (36). 

Persons close to blast seriously injured by lung and hearing damage, fragmentation effects, and from being thrown bodily Ear-drum rupture of almost all persons within the room... 

Figure 1.4.3-3 is an example from the Indian Point hearings showing an effective use of CCDF. The purpose of this presentation was to assure that the reactor at the Indian... 

Macworth, N. H. (1946). Effects of heat on wireless operators hearing and recording Morse Code messages. Brit.. Ind. Med., 3 143-158. 

Xia, Y, and Zhao, R. (1999). Effects of air turbulence on human thermal sensation in warm rsotliermal environment. The Third International Symposium on Hearing, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, 1 147-152. 

There are four principal ideas in achieving uniform conditions m the control led zone and a high hear and contaminant removal effectiveness ... 

The air distribution method and dimensioning of the air supply devices are important factors in determining the accumuiation of hear and contaminants. Examples of this are presented in Section 8.4. After the behavior of the air distribution method and devices are known, the characteristic effects ot the other airflow elements can be calculated. 

The effect of the disturbance of the supply airflow on the plumes is presented in Fig. 8.39. The heat removal effectiveness j and contaminant removal effectiveness are presented as functions of the penetration factor P of the plume, which is the ratio of penetrated plume airflow rate to the whole plume airflow rate. The total heat load is 60 W m"- and the power of one hear source is 500 W. The supply airflow rate is 8 L S m -. 

A common principle for the prt)duction of smoke for this purpose is to cvat>-orate a mineral oil by electrically hearing it and to mix the vapor into air. The oil will then condense and form a mist. Different such apparatus can be found on the market. Some of them are aimed for the visualization t f airflow but others are intended lor special effects in theaters, discotheques, etc. Figure 12.3 shows one such apparatus commonly used for this purpose. 

We all hear that composite materials are very expensive, but you have seen in Chapter 1 that, one, material cost is coming down, and, two, composite structures can be less expensive to manufacture than metal structures. An effective structure can be created with an even more-expensive raw material than metals by using less-expensive manufacturing processes. The bottom line is that the initial cost of the structure can in some cases be lower for a composite material than for a metal. Generally, the life-cycle cost of a composite structure is lower than that of a metal structure. 

For many processes, one or more predominant factors effectively minimize the number of possibilities for plant location. Raw material and transportation costs may be such that a plant must be located near a source. Thus, only the sites near to sources of raw material need be studied and these may be few in number. Similarly, labor requirements may be hear y enough to eliminate cities below a certain size. These and other factors serve as effective screening agents that save both time and money. 

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