Head loss in piping

There are also many empirical formulas used for calculatiag the friction head loss in piping systems. These must be used carefuUy because many are based on the properties of specific fluids and are not appHcable over a broad range of fluids, temperatures, and pressures. For example, the Ha2en and Wdhams formula widely used for water flow ... 

Hooper, W. B., The Two-K Method Predicts Head Losses in Pipe Fittings, Chemical Engineering, Aug. 24, 1981, p. 96. 

Hooper, W. B., The 2-K Method Predicts Head Losses in Pipe Fittings, Chem. Eng., p. 97, Aug. 24 (1981). Hooper, W. B., Calculate Head Loss Caused by Change in Pipe Size, Chem. Eng., p. 89, Nov. 7 (1988). Hutchison, J. W., ISA Handbook of Control Valves, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park,... 

Hooper developed a new technique called two-K method to predict the head loss in pipe fittings [49], He defined K, a dimensionless factor, as the excess head loss in a pipe fitting, expressed in velocity heads. It is a function of Reynolds number and of the exact geometry of the fitting as... 

Dudgeon, C. R. and J. E. Hills, Head Losses in Pipe Fittings with Stepped Contractions and Expansions, Proc. 9th Australian Fluid Mechanics Conf., Auckland, 105-108 Dec. 8-12 (1986). 

Moller, K. and G. Elmqvist, Head Losses in Pipe Bends and Fittings , Tappi 63 101-104 (1980). 

Cross, M.M. (1965). Rheology of non-Newtonian flow equation for pseudoplastic systems. Journal of Colloid Science, Vol.20, pp. 417-437 de Waele, A. (1923). Oil Color, Chemical Association Journal, Vol.6, pp. 23-88 Edwards, M.F., Jadallah, M.S.M. and Smith, R. (1985). Head losses in pipe fittings at low Reynolds numbers. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol.63, (January 1985) pp. 43-50... 

Hooper, W.B. (1981). The two-K method predicts head losses in pipe fittings. Chemical Engineering, August, pp. 96-100... 

To calculate head losses in piping systems with both pipe friction and minor losses use ... 

For determining the frictional head, refer to friction loss in pipes, bends, elbows and reducers and valves as provided in Tables A.I and A.2 ... 

These contribute to the flowing head loss in a pipe. However, there are many situations where by chance, or on purpose, u /2g head is converted to PV or vice versa. 

Chiu, C. L. and Seman, J. J., Head Loss in Spiral Solid-Liquid Flow in Pipes, Advances in Solid-Liquid Fhw in Pipes and Its Application, Ed. I. Zandi, Pergamon Press, 1971, p. 277. 

Friction Losses In Pipe G= 100 1 Inch Double Extra Strong Steel. 599 inside dia Head loss ft per 100 ft 1—DOC JOO 682 829 989 1 yi Inch Double Extra Strong Steel [. 896 inside dia Head 1 loss i ft per 100 ft rococo OC h.Oh MMONttls. IfllftsflOO e PS -sDi— 90-7 137 192 255 327 ess... 

Hs0 = Head at no flow, or shutoff, ft I4ms = Head of viscous fluid, ft Hw = Water equivalent head, ft hd = Discharge head on a pump, ft of fluid hs = Suction head (or suction lift) on a pump, ft of fluid hSL, hDL = Friction losses in pipe and fittings , subscript SL for suction line and DL for discharge line, ft of fluid hv = Velocity head, ft of fluid L = S = Static head, suction side, ft (Figure 3-38)... 

Heywood, N. 1. and Cheng, D. C.-H. Trans Inst. Measurement and Control 6 (1984) 33. Comparison of methods for predicting head loss in turbulent pipe flow of non-Newtonian fluids. 

Ah = Head loss in feet of flowing fluid Up = Velocity in the pipe leading to and from the exchanger, ft/sec UT = Velocity in the tubes N = Number of tube passes ... 

For pipe fittings, valves, and other flow obstructions the traditional method has been to use an equivalent pipe length Lequiv in Equation 4-30. The problem with this method is that the specified length is coupled to the friction factor. An improved approach is to use the 2-K method,s-6 which uses the actual flow path length in Equation 4-30 — equivalent lengths are not used — and provides a more detailed approach for pipe fittings, inlets, and outlets. The 2-K method defines the excess head loss in terms of two constants, the Reynolds number and the pipe internal diameter ... 

Gravity Tank An aboveground water storage tank for fire protection and water service. A water level of 100 feet provides a static pressure head of 43.3 psi minus friction loss in piping when water is flowing. 

Second, the friction loss hL from pipe entrance to exit may also be expressed as foot-pounds per pound of flowing fluid. This term is more commonly referred to as the head loss in feet of fluid. It is loss, because the hydraulic grade line shown in Fig. 6.1 exhibits the hL loss. 

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