Hazard guidelines

US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) (1992) Labeling requirements for art materials presenting chronic hazards guidelines for determining chronic toxicity of products subject to the FHSA supplementary definition of toxic under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act final rules. Federal Register 57 46626—46674 (1992). 

World Health Organization. 2000. Chemical Hazards. Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments. Vol. 2 Swimming Pools, Spas and Similar Recreational-water Environments. 

WHO (2005b) The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard. Guidelines to Classification 2004, International Programme on Chemical Safely. WHO/PCS/01.5, Geneve, http //www.who.inl/ipcs/publications/pesticides hazaid/en/. 

The prime global authority is the International Maritime Organisation. The IMO sets the standards and guidelines for the removal of offshore installations. The guidelines specify that installations in less than 75 meters of water with substructures weighing less than 4,000 tons be completely removed from the site. Those in deeper water must be removed to a depth of 55 meters below the surface so that there is no hazard to navigation. In some countries the depth to which structures have to be removed has already been extended to 100m. 

The Environmental Protection Agency lays down strict guidelines for the analysis of a range of environmentally hazardous substances. Many of the analyses utilize GC/MS. 

Federal regulations (40 CFR 261) classify acrylonitrile as a hazardous waste and it is Hsted as Hazardous Waste Number U009. Disposal must be in accordance with federal (40 CFR 262, 263, 264), state, and local regulations only at properly permitted faciUties. It is Hsted as a toxic pollutant (40 CFR 122.21) and introduction into process streams, storm water, or waste water systems is in violation of federal law. Strict guidelines exist for clean-up and notification of leaks and spills. Federal notification regulations require that spills or leaks in excess of 100 lb (45.5 kg) be reported to the National Response Center. Substantial criminal and civil penalties can result from failure to report such discharges into the environment. 

Exposure limits for siHcon carbide and powders of zirconium compounds (including zirconium dioxide) have been estabHshed by ACGIH. TLV—TWA s are 10 mg/m and 5 mg/m, respectively. OSHA guidelines for zirconium compounds call for a PEL of 5 mg/m. There are no exposure limits for siHcon nitride powder, but pmdent practice suggests a TLV—TWA of 0.1 mg/m. The soHd ceramics present no apparent health hazard. In machining such ceramics, however, care should be taken to prevent inhalation of respirable particles in amounts in excess of estabHshed limits. Disposal should be in approved landfills the materials are inert and should pose no danger to the environment. 

Guidelines for Hazards Ena/uation Procedures Second Edition with WorkedExampks American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York, 1992. 

Humans and DomesticHnimals. Data from toxicology studies are used to evaluate hazards to humans from the use of pesticides (40 CFR 158.340 and Subdivision F Guidelines). 

Threshold limit values (TLV) adopted by the ACGIH are guidelines for the control of health hazards. Table 3 shows the eight-hour TWA and the STEL TLV values for those lower alkylamiaes Hsted ia the ACGIH guideliae (18). 

Is a decommissioning phase hazard evaluation needed The AIChE/CCPS text. Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, Second Edition, offers direction for addressing this type of evaluation. 

A number of introductory static hazard texts have been published [25, 33, 67, 72, 731. Useful practical guidelines have also been published by ESCIS [4] and Walmsley [23], respectively based on the contemporary internal practices of Ciba-Geigy [196] and the Royal Dutch/Shell Group [189]. General reading, including electrostatic applications, can be found in the textbooks by Moore [109] and Cross [110]. 

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