Hawking: Stephen

Hastie, W. Kant s Cosmogony. James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow. 1900. Hawking, Stephen W. A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books, Toronto. 1988. 

Penrose, Sir Roger (1931- ) British mathematician and physicist. Penrose was the first to point out that singularities are inevitable features of the general theory of relativity. He has made other important contributions to the theory of relativity and its quantization, including his work on twistor theory. He also discovered Penrose patterns, which are a two-dimensional analogue of quasicrystals. See also Hawking, Stephen William. 

Hawking, Stephen W. A Brief History of Time. New York Bantam Books, 1988. 

John von Neuman, one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century, believed that the sciences, in essence, do not try to explain, they hardly even try to interpret they mainly make models. By a model he meant a mathematical construct that, with the addition of certain verbal interpretations, describes observed phenomena. The justification of such a mathematical construct is solely and precisely that it is expected to work. Stephen Hawking also believes that physical theories are just mathematical models we construct and that it is meaningless to ask whether they correspond to reality, just as it is to ask whether they predict observations. 

What was called applied mathematics in England was really theoretical physics. At the time only experimental physics was taught in physics departments. Traces of this system remain to this day. For example, the British physicist Stephen Hawking is Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, not a professor of physics. 

We can even add a citation (Shermer, 2003) from Stephen Hawking, a self-defined atheist (in his book, the word God appears on almost every other page) ... 

In which we encounter Einstein, Rumi, God, the anthropic principle, Stephen Hawking, the Bible, Proust s hyper-realities. The Lobotomy Club, Sushi Never Sleeps, acto/5, brain surgery, Italian filmmaking, neorealism, stellar nucleosynthesis, the Big Bang, Paul Davies, Frank Tipler, Marcel Proust, H. P Lovecrafi, Andrei Linde, Sir Fred Hoyle, Rudy Rucker, Robert Jastrow, The Templeton Foundation, multiple universes, Paul Kammerer, synchronicity, and the shoreless sea of love. 

Robert Jastrow, the head of NASA s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, called this the most powerful evidence for the existence of God ever to come out of science. Other amazing parameters abound. If all of the stars in the universe were heavier than three solar masses, they would live for only about 500 million years, and life would not have time to evolve beyond primitive bacteria. Stephen Hawking has estimated that if the rate of the universe s expansion one second after the Big Bang had been smaller by even one part in a hundred thousand million million, the universe would have recollapsed.The universe must live for billions of years to permit time for intelligent life to evolve. On the other hand, the universe might have expanded so rapidly that protons and electrons never united to make hydrogen atoms. 

What is time Is time travel possible For centuries, these questions have intrigued mystics, philosophers, and scientists such as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Much of ancient Greek philosophy was concerned... 

Of course, there is much debate about time travel in the context of travel to the past. Stephen Hawking formulated the Chronology Projection Conjecture, which, if correct, would seem to rule out travel to the past. 

If Albert Einstein had been so fortunate to have had 20 additional years with a sound mind, perhaps he would have collaborated with a young and vigorous Stephen Hawking to either demonstrate or disprove the existence of the long speculated gravitons. 

YUl Stephen J. Hawkes, "There is No Perceptible Inflection at the Triple Point," /. Chem. Educ., Vol.76,1999,226. 

Stephen R. Hawke, Sr. VP-Customer Service Delivery Bill Nicholson, VP-Customers Economic Dev. 

---