Hoyle, Fred

Ferris, Timothy, The Whole Shebang (New York Simon Schuster, 1997). Also see Hoyle, Fred, The universe past and present reflections, Engineering Science, November 1981, 12. 

Hoyle, Fred. Man in the Universe. Columbia University Press, New York. 1966. 

Hoyle, Fred. The Nature of the Xlniverse, Harper Brothers, New York, 1950. 

Fred Hoyle, an astronomer and cosmologist who had a rival steady state theoiy of the universe, coined... 

Fred Hoyle Basically speaking a star is a pretty simple structure. 

Faulkner, J. 2005, in D. Gough (ed.), The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle, Cambridge Cambridge University Press, p. 149. 

In 1960 Fred Hoyle and William Fowler discovered that thermonuclear combustion in the dense core of a degenerate star (the word degenerate is used in the sense of quantum theory and will be made exphcit later) could trigger the explosion and volatilisation of the star. If we add the idea that post mortem light emissions are fuelled by the gradual disintegration of an unstable radioactive isotope, nickel-56, a subject to be discussed in great detail later, we obtain the universal explanation of what are now known as type la supernovas. 

Our chemical environment imposes constraints which can be summed up by Fred Hoyle s three rules ... 

One day in 1978, 1 asked Willy (William Fowler) what roles he and Fred Hoyle had played in the marvellous theory of stellar nucleosynthesis which had set the stage for three generations of scientists. Finding the question difficult, he did not reply immediately, but several years later brought to my attention the scrupulously observed chronological description of the facts reproduced below. 

Even then, the way was blocked by the fact that the third accomplice as often as not smashed the feeble beryllium-8 in two. Meanwhile, British astrophysicist Fred Hoyle struck upon a quite brilliant idea. To get around the difficulty, he hypothesised that the energy levels of beryllium, helium and carbon had to have very precisely adjusted values in order to accelerate Salpeter s two-step process and give it every chance of coming to fruition. Everything thus depended upon the consonance between energy levels. 

The great cycle of inspiration and expiration of matter, passing through condensation, nucleosynthesis, ejection and back to condensation, serves as a bellows to fire today s studies of galactic evolution. We owe this understanding to Fred Hoyle, present at every stage in the edification of our astro-nuclear doctrine. 

In which we encounter Einstein, Rumi, God, the anthropic principle, Stephen Hawking, the Bible, Proust s hyper-realities. The Lobotomy Club, Sushi Never Sleeps, acto/5, brain surgery, Italian filmmaking, neorealism, stellar nucleosynthesis, the Big Bang, Paul Davies, Frank Tipler, Marcel Proust, H. P Lovecrafi, Andrei Linde, Sir Fred Hoyle, Rudy Rucker, Robert Jastrow, The Templeton Foundation, multiple universes, Paul Kammerer, synchronicity, and the shoreless sea of love. 

The new knowledge of nuclear physics affected cosmochemistry in another way. A classic paper by astrophysicists Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge (husband and wife), William Fowler, and Fred Hoyle (this paper was so influential that it has come to be known by scientists simply as B2FH ) and a similar contribution by Allister Cameron, both published in 1957, provided the theoretical basis for understanding how elements are produced in stars, as described in Chapter 3. 

In the middle part of the century the astronomer Fred Hoyle cham-... 

In chapter 8, we discussed the sensitivity of carbon production to various physical parameters. Carbon is made inside stars and is the basis of life on Earth. The difficulty is to get two helium nuclei in the Sun to stick together until they are struck by a third.13 It turns out that this is accomplished only because of internal resonances of carbon and oxygen nuclei. If the carbon resonance level were only 4 percent lower, carbon atoms wouldn t form. If the oxygen resonance level were only half a percent higher, almost all the carbon would disappear as it combined with helium to form oxygen.14 This means that human existence depends on the fine-tuning of these two nuclear resonances. Of these resonances, the famous astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle said that his atheism was shaken by these facts ... 

Skeptics of the correctness of the Big Bang, especially the famed cosmol-ogists Fred Hoyle and Geoffrey Burbidge, envision smaller bangs occurring as new matter is created in the universe even today. Those are the 3He sources in that picture. 

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