Hardware and software selection

There are a number of approaches to providing safe application software in SISs. However, regardless of the approach used to achieve safe application software, it is assumed that the safety life cycle steps prior to application software development have been executed properly (for example, hazard and risk assessment, functional description development, equipment (hardware and software) selection). 

Using the PC for control requires installation of a board into the expansion slot in the computer, or the PC can be connected to an external I/O module using a standard communication port on the PC (RS-232, RS-422, or IEEE-488). The controller card/module supports 16- or 32-bit microprocessors. Standardization and high volume in the PC market has produced a large selection of hardware and software tools for PC controllers. 

Minimum frequency The data-collection hardware and software permit the selection of the minimum frequency, T min, or the low-frequency cut-off below which no data are acquired and stored during the monitoring process. In most applications, however, this option should not be used. 

Reliability The selected hardware and software must be proven in actual field use to ensure it s reliability. The... 

Many of the predictive systems manufacturers are strictly hardware and software oriented. Therefore, they offer minimal training and no application training or technical support. Few plants can achieve minimum benefits from predictive maintenance without training and some degree of technical support. It is therefore imperative that the selected system or system vendors provide a comprehensive support package that includes both training and technical support. 

Safe handling of chemicals demands a combination of hardware and software such as operating procedures, staff selection and training. Systems of work will generally include ... 

The type of system chosen determines the types of hardware and software needed. It also determines the processes for acquiring the necessary hardware and software. The hardware selection may include desktops, laptops, printers, scanners, fax machines, and storage devices, and the software selection includes the system development software, the database management software, the data communication software, the data conversion software, specialized proprietary software, servers, and hrewalls. 

Installation qualification is aimed primarily at new instruments. This is the stage when the checks are carried out to confirm that the instrument received is as specified and correctly installed in the selected environment. This includes both hardware and software. It may be convenient to use a check-list approach to this phase as that ensures everything is checked. This stage covers the installation up to and including its initial response to power, if that is relevant. In addition it may be appropriate to repeat aspects of IQ following relocation or upgrades of instruments. 

Some familiarity with control hardware and software is required before we can discuss selection and tuning. We are not concerned with the details of how the various mechanical, pneumatic, hydrauUc, electronic, and computing devices are constructed. The nitty-gritty details can be obtained from the instrumentation and process-control-computcr vendors. We need to know only how they... 

But applications usually need a different type of computing environment. The reasoning task, accomplished by AI techniques, often constitutes ten percent or less of the code of an application. The majority of the code is for conventional programming tasks, such as data acquisition, data base access, numerical calculations, and graphics. In each application domain, computer hardware and software has been selected to match the needs of its tasks. In... 

They could well be replaced today by a single multiselective 90° or 180° pulse somewhere in the pulse sequence leading to probably superior variants as demonstrated with the modified 2D HMBC experiment. Former hardware and software limitations, however, forced us to use the variant with initially applied trains of selective 180° pulses. 

For input, storage, manipulation, and output within computer-based systems, a representation of the chemical substance must be selected. The selection of a particular representation scheme for an information system is based on the size of the files to which it applies, the functions to be performed, the available hardware and software, and the desired balance between... 

Select a medium for your newsletter, such as a traditional paper newsletter or an electronic version for the Internet. For a traditional newsletter, you will need to decide on methods of production and distribution. For an electronic version, you will need to use computer hardware and software. 

A vendor should be selected who develops hardware and software equipment in accordance with a quality assurance system, for example, ISO 9001. ... 

In the last 10 years, large advances in computer technology, including those in hardware and software, have made it possible for scientists to carry out computational studies on quite large systems with a reasonable investment of money and time. Chemists have carried out computational studies in order to clarify or support experimental results with respect to structure, energetics, and mechanism, for example. They have also used computation in a predictive sense to discover the properties of molecules that are unknown or so short-lived as to make experimental study ver f difficult. The section that follows includes both purely computational results and computational results used to support conclusions based on experimental work. The selection as to which computational papers should appear in this section and which should appear in another section is somewhat arbitrary. 

During Setup, all system hardware and software is tested. When the test is complete, a detailed upgrade report is generated. Which of the following topics are included as part of the upgrade report. (Select all that apply.)... 

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