Harbour Authorities

The detection of ocean surface slicks by microwave radars at intermediate incidence angles is well established. The all-weather day-and-night capabilities of microwave remote-sensing has resulted in its wide operational use by harbour authorities for the control of oil pollution in the coastal zone (Attema and Hoogeboom 1978, Sherman 1992). In research, microwave radars can also help further our understanding of air-sea interactions and hydrodynamic processes by providing extensive synoptic two-dimensional maps of the slicks spatial distribution (Espedal et al. 1996, da Silva et al. 1998). 

There are also numerous by-laws and local requirements that can be applied by, for example. Port Authorities (ports). Harbour Authorities (coastal works), British Waterways (canals), and Local Authorities (inland lakes), depending on where the work is situated. Work in a water-filled quarry would also be subject to the Mines and Quarries Act. Different responsibilities apply to the different categories of personnel (see Box 2.1). The HSE (2002b) provides guidance on managing health and safety in dockwork. 

Most docks and ports are situated within a Statutory Harbour Authority (SHA) area. As an SHA, you will usually have powers to make bye-laws on harbour activities, and powers to enforce them within the defined harbour area . You may own land or premises and you may also be a dock company . 

The harbour authority was putting pressure on the contractor to jack up the platform as the mooring lines were causing a problem to shipping. 

D. Prandle, The use of wave resonators for harbor protection. Dock Harbour Author (1974), pp. 279-280. 

Work within the jurisdiction of port or harbour authorities Work at or near water-filled mines or quarries... 

Safety Assessment for Ships Manoeuvring in Ports, Dock Harbour Authority. 79, no. 889-892 (1998) 26-29. 

Unloading or loading liquefied gas escapes should be limited to those vented via safety devices or authorized by the harbour master. Rate of transfer should ensure pipelines cool gradually lines should be vented safely at the end of the transfer. 

The authors of this study divided their dataset into harbour and offshore sediments, assuming that the latter are contaminant-free, and used Li as the normalizing agent. All samples were compared to the regression equation based on the offshore sediments, which indicated considerable Zn contamination -with some samples >3 times background... 

Similar ESR experiments with Ti02 aqueous dispersions irradiated with an UV light have also been reported by Harbour et al. These authors used an apparently untreated anatase powder and a different spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrrolinyl-l-oxy (DMPO). The hydroxyl radical has been detected but no evidence for the presence of perhydroxyl radical was found l Importantly, the intensity of the ESR signal, associated with the DMPO OH radical adduct, was a function of the oxygen concentration in the aqueous dispersion and became very small after purging with nitrogen. 

CTT stands for chemistry-toxicity test . These action levels are set by the Dutch authorities for the permit to relocate dredged material from Rotterdam harbour to the North Sea (Stronkhorst, 2003). The indication for resuspension was considered in dependence of the hydrological situation and was based on measurements of erosion potentials and observations of increased contaminated suspended matter downstream of the site. 

Fig. 6. Internal reflection IR spectra of three surface film types, (a) IR spectrum typifying the surface films which occupy air/sea interfaces at all times, obtained in Pacific Ocean, 5 km seaward of Balboa, Panama at slack high water (Fig. le, Baier et al., 1974, p. 576). (b) IR spectrum typical of natural sea slicks, obtained within a slick of many square miles coverage off Central California Coast in Pacific Ocean (Fig. 2b, Baier et al., 1974, p. 579). (c) IR spectrum typifying surface films of polluted seawater harbours New York City Harbour (Fig. 8c, Baier et al., 1974, p. 592). Arrows indicate absorption bands mentioned in the text. Reproduced with permission of the authors and publisher.

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