Chimney liner

Brick and mortar materials should only be used alone where the fact that gas and liquid can penetrate, though slowly, through them is not important, but where their considerable compressive strength (load bearing ability), combined with their resistance to chemical attack can be useful. Examples of these types of structures are self-supporting chimney liners (some of them 800+feet tall), foundations set in acid contaminated soil, and supports for chemical equipment subject to splash or spill. 

Linder everyday conditions, the liner is constantly flexing due to the induced wind and solar movements of the outer shell. Coupling these movements with the thermal effects of the flue gas, it is easy to imagine how many cycles of flexure a chimney liner experiences in its lifetime. It is also easy to understand how even a perfectly applied coating system can fail, since even the tiniest... 

The excess (extruded) mortar should be cut off with the trowel by the mason, leaving the surface smooth. If the joint is cut while the mortar is still within worklife, it will smear. This will not make any difference if a wall (or a chimney liner) is being built. However, if a floor is being laid and minimum smearing is desired, the mortar should be allowed to cure undisturbed until the worklife has elapsed (usually about hours) and then cut. The mortar will then be stiff enough to cut cleanly without smearing. Obviously the mortar so removed must be discarded, not reworked. 

Halogenated polyesters are widely used in the pulp and paper industry in bleach atmospheres where they outperform stainless steel and high-nickel alloys. Applications are also found for ductwork, fans, and other areas where potential fire hazards may be present. They are also used for high-temperature applications such as chimney liners, chemical storage tanks, and chemical piping among other applications. 

Biomass heating. A wood burner gives a very cosy focal point to a living space, especially on a cold winter s day. However, unlike gas and electricity heating you must be able to store the fuel on the premises. You must also have a chimney or fiue connecting the wood burner to the outside. Financial payback is not appiicabie here because fuel costs are about the same as coal, oil or gas and the installation of a 7 kW stove and chimney liner if necessary is less than 1,000. 

Chemical resistant epoxy vinyl ester resins serve the needs of a wide range of process in sulfur acid production at petrochemical enterprises with final FRP products, such as chimney liner, process pipes, ducts and scrubbers such as chimney liner, process pipes, ducts and scrubbers [1]. 

Operation of the process equipment does not exclude occurrence of extreme situations at the moment of start-up and stop of manufacture rises of temperature, influences of more concentrated environments, mechanical loading. The results of physical property testing after 3 years of service of the FRP products, such as chimney liner, pipes, ducts exposed to sulfur acid production, are considered. 

Corrosion of metal chimney liner for transportation of sulfur dioxide, process pipes and ducts exposed to sulfur acid production is expected, and service lifetimes of three to nine months are typical. 

The multilayered structure of the process equipment made by winding, includes chemical resistant and power layers of FRP. Chemical resistant layer of 3.05 thickness mm consisting of two layers of surface veil on C-glass impregnated with 93 % resin, followed by four plies of 450 g/m powder bonded chopped strand mat is impregnated with approximately 73 % resin (Dion 9700 for chimney liner, Dion 9100 for process pipes and Dion 6694 for ducts). 

Three turns of chimney liner for sulfur dioxide in internal diameter 0.6 m, 12, 13 and 18 m in length were designed and entered into operation in August 2003, 2004 and 2005, process pipes in diameter 80 mm and 47 m in length and ducts of 0.6 and 0.8 m in volume were entered in operation in August 2004 and 2005 accordingly. 

The upper part of chimney liner at the entrance towards a wash tower is shown in Figure 1. 

Visual and ultrasonic supervision with the help of defectoscope A 1212 were conducted for chimney liner since the moment the work has begun. Besides, specimens were located into chimney liner, process pipes and ducts. Inspections of an internal surface of chimney liner were spent during annual scheduled repair after disassembly of components. The first-turn knee of chimney liner after 1 year operation has been used for studying of properties. The results of tests are presented in Table 1. 

Operation conditions of chimney liner include vacuum and temperature from 80 up to 150° C. The stream of gas between the wash towers contains up to 20 % of sulfur dioxide. Operation conditions of pipes and... 

So, the moment the manufacturing process stopped in 2005, the inside temperature of the first-turn chimney liner had reached up to 220 °C. At operation of the third-turn chimney liner at the entrance towards a wash tower there were drops of 84 % sulfur acid on surface FRP. 

Surveys have shown that there was a layer of manufactured products by thickness about 1.0 mm after 12 months, 1.5 mm after 2 months, and 1.7 mm after 36 months of operation on a surface of chemically resistant layer of first-turn chimney liner. At the same time there was neither pitting nor cracking. Barcol hardness readings on the FRP surface practically have changed from 35 to 30. 

The internal surface of the second-turn chimney liner, and FRP properties after 12 months of operation have not changed. 

Ultrasonic measurements have shown reduction of thickness of third-turn chimney liner wall by 2.5 - 3.1 nun in a place of its input in a tower. 

The carried out opening of chimney liner has shown significant chemical damage of chemical resistant layer by the area of 7500 sm because of 84 % sulfur acid drops (Figure 2). 

After exception hit of drops of the concentrated sulfur acid and repairing works on restoration of chemically resistant layer, the operation of the third-turn chimney liner has proceed in a normal mode within 10 months of supervision. 

The fragments of surfaces of the chemically resistant layer in the field of flange are possible at disassembly of chimney liner (Figure 4). If the received damages are not eliminated (Figure 5), destruction of FRP is developed because of intensive penetration of sulfur acid along glass fibers. 

Positive results of 36 month operations of chimney liner, 24 month of process pipes and ducts have allowed to start wide application of epoxy vinyl ester resins in practice of anticorrosive works at the petrochemical enterprises in Russia for manufacturing FRP products. 

Table 1. Properties of chimney liner during operation... 

FRP, Chimney Liner, Process Pipes, Ducts, Survey, Application. 

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