Halogen heater

Halogen heaters (halogen-gas filled quartz tubes with timgsten wire or tape)... 

Heater versatility. Quartz and halogen heaters heat very rapidly, compared with panel and catalytic combustion heaters. Ceramic brick heaters allow ease of zoning or pattern heating. 

Another type of heating element is the halogen heater (radiation peak at 1.1 pm), which has a shorter reaction time during the heat-up phase. This heater type is disappearing more and more from the market because of its high costs and the continual performance improvement of the ribbon heater. 

Plants producing and handling halogens and halogen compounds Tantalum finds extensive use in the production and handling of hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid, chlorine and bromine and many of their derivatives. Absorbers, coolers and heaters which show considerable advantages in terms of heat-flux capabilities and corrosion resistance have been used on hydrochloric acid duties for over 40 years and condensers have been used in bromine plants for at least the same period. Typical applications of tantalum in the bromine and chlorine industries are listed in Table 5.27 . 

Halogens (except Chlorine, bromine. Bayonet Heaters, coils, condensers. 

Gaseous chemical compounds whose molecules contain chlorine and/or fluorine - such as refrigerants R12, R22 and R134a - will influence the emissions of alkali ions from a surface impregnated with a mixture of KOH and lron(lll)hydroxide and maintained at 800 °C to 900 °C by an external Pt heater. The released ions flow to a cathode where the ion current is measured and then amplified (halogen diode principle). This effect is so great that partial pressures for halogens can be measured down to 10 mbar. 

Figure 17. Schematic of a halogen lamp heater stage for an inert gas condensation particle deposition system.

Determination of hydrogen halide and halogen emissions from stationary sources—isokinetic method Determination of vapor tightness of gasoline delivery tank using pressure-vacuum test Certification and auditing of wood heaters... 

Chlorofluorocarbon can be measured with usual electrochemical halogen sensors after decomposing chlorofluorocarbon with a platinum heater. Fig. 16... 

F). They provide energy savings of 18 to 20% compared to quartz-tube heaters. They heat only the sheet, not the ambient air. The complete machine that includes the molds remains cool enough to touch. Risk of fire is lower because of no ambient heat. Sheet heats faster and cools faster. Finer temperature control exists than with most quartz heaters. See halogen. 

The spot heating lamp was a custom-built, MR 16, quartz-halogen type (General Electric EXS with a focal length of 4 cm and a smooth, aluminized reflector) operating at filament temperature around 3000°C. At the focal plane, the spot heater delivered a flux density in excess of 140 W/cm. At these temperatures, the maximum output occurred at a wavelength around 0.89 pm. 

Three-way glass stopcocks V and V are actuated by snail electromotors and kept at 98°C with electric heater also made from a resistance wire. Halogens are removed from the oxygen stream with silver wool (length 10 on) in quartz tub ... 

Lights should be securely fastened to a solid back or tripods made secure so that they cannot be easily dislodged. Make sure electrical equipment cannot be inadvertently covered or that combustible materials are close to halogen lights (in particular as they get very hot) or heaters. 

Much of the recent development work on ATH is in the development of smaller particle size, less dust, and more translucency problems also present with antimony oxide. Surface coating with titanates and other materials has been tried successfully. In one case, a 40% ATH-filled low-density polyethylene for foamed pipe lines uses 0.5% isostearoyl titanate and in another, a Japanese company has developed a "self-extinguishing" polypropylene compound for household heater junction boxes that uses 30% ATH pretreated with 1% titanate in combination with halogen, to achieve a UL 94 V-1 rating [127]. 

The sources used for mid-IR are heated rods, such as a nichrome ribbon or a globar, which is a rod of silicon carbide. The Opperman source is a rhodium heater in an alumina tube packed with alumina and zirconium silicate. When heated to above 1000°C, these sources emit energy over a wide range, resembling a black-body radiator with a maximum intensity at about 1000 cm For NIR, tungsten or trmgsten halogen lamps are used. 

---