Hair and fur

The average hair is composed of about 90% keratin, a fibrous protein, and about 10% water. Each hair consists of two or three layers. The outer layer is a sheath called the cuticle, which is thin and colorless. It is made up of overlapping scales in layers. Inside the cuticle are the long spindle-shaped cells of the cortex, which makes up the bulk of the hair. These cells also contain whatever pigments are present in the hair. The innermost layer, which is only present in large thick hair, is the medulla or pith. 

Wool fibers are hair that is covered with tiny, lustrous scales. Oils are secreted along the hairs from glands adjacent to the hair follicles. These oils travel up the hair shaft and give the fleece its natural waterproofing. In sheep, this wool grease is lanolin. Wool hairs are soft, wavy and flexible (Table 6.4). Beard hairs are longer, more flexible, and are found only in the outside coat. 

Sheep s wool fibers are classified by their diameter fine (17-23 pm), medium (23-33pm), coarse (33-42 pm), and mixed carpet wool (20-50pm). Luster wool is mosdy beard hairs with a medulla, and scales that are close to the stem. 

This necklace is made of woven human hair and ivory decorations. Jewelry like this was often made in memory of particular person, sometimes from their own hair. 

Woolens are fabrics made from woolen yam, and I here are many types, depending on the weave and weight of the material. These fabrics may contain other materials in small amounts. Worsted is woolen fabric made from good-quality wool fibers that are all roughly of the same length. Felt is matted or compressed hair or wool. 

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Uses Manufacturing azo dyes, intermediates for antioxidants and accelerators for rubber photochemical measurements laboratory reagent dyeing hair and fur. 

Diaminoanisole (4-Methoxy-m-Phenylenediamine) in Hair and Fur Dyes", DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-111, 1978. 

The most commonly encountered biological materials in microscopical examinations include hair and fur, pollen, diatoms, wood, vegetable fibers, and residues, such as blood, food, and semen. The solid materials in this list are identified primarily on the basis of morphology, while residues are most easily identified by specific microchemical tests. Similar to geological materials, biological materials can serve to provide an investigative lead, or aid in comparative examinations. 

Chemically and structurally, wool is typical of all animal hair and fur. Its major constituent is the... 

Keratin can be seen as a biological answer to the need for a tough plastic equivalent to nylon. As hair and fur, it is a fiber. As epidermis, it is a film, and as hoof or hom, it is tough solid. The stmcture contains fibrils, which are built from three-stranded ropes of alpha-helical chains in a coiled-coil arrangement. The fibrils are embedded in a cross-linked matrix of amorphous protein that is heavily... 

Sheep and fur animals are protected primarily by their wool or hair. The fiber stmcture of the skin is very fine and has less strength than calfskin or other nonfur mammals. The sheepskin has a high concentration of hair foUicles and sebaceous glands. When taimed the fur skin has an open stmcture, is soft, and lacks strength relative to many other leathers. 

Alopecia Cyanosis Condition of Skin and Fur Deficiency of hair (baldness). Visible skin and/or mucous membranes turn dusky blue due to lack of oxygenation of the blood. 

The remaining fur fiber is then sheared with revolving blades to a velvety texture. Nutria, some rabbit, and muskrat may also be sheared to imitate seal. Pointing , a process of gluing either badger or monkey guard hair into furs, adds... 

These facts play an important factor in the dyeing behavior. The isoelectric point of hair is at a pH of ca. 5, whereas untreated collagen has its isoeletric point at a pH of ca. 6, which varies with the kind of tannage. For pure chrome suede it is close to pH 7 or about pH 6 after slightly anionic retanning. Consequently, for good dye fixation the acidification at the end of a dyeing is around pH 3 for fur hair and ca. pH 4 for chrome-tanned suede. 

Cationic dyes are occasionally used fur blueing or brightening the hair, frequently in combination with a fluorescent dyes. P. Krais discovered the brightening effect in 1929 by impregnation of rayon with a horsechestnut extract known as esculin, a fluorescent glycoside of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin. Coumarin derivates are still used for wool and fur hair. 

Hackney, C.M. and Furness, D.N. (1995) Mechanotransduction in vertebrate hair cells structure and function of the stereociliary bundle. American Journal of Physiology 268 (Cell Physiol.37) C1-C13... 

In addition to wool and silk, a number of specialty fibers are also obtained from animals. In most cases, animal fibers are similar to each other. They grow in two principal coats the shiny and stiff outer coat or hair and the undergrowth or fur. Hair forms a protective shield around the animal s body against the elements fur is closer to the skin and consists of shorter fibers than the hair that acts as insulation against heat or cold. 

The male white-faced saki (P. pithecia) of the Guianas and northeastern Brazil has a stark white face set in a circular hood of long black hair, and a triangle of black fur from between the eyes to the nose and mouth. The female and young of the white-faced monkey do not have white faces, rather, they are dark brown or black with some whitish fur around the face. The adult female has a line of white fur running from the eyes and around the mouth and has a reddish tone to the chest and abdomen. 

Methylmercury is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract 90-100% absorption is estimated. Methylmercury is somewhat lipophilic, allowing it to pass through lipid membranes of cells and facilitating its distribution to all tissues, and it binds readily to proteins. Methylmercury binds to amino acids in fish muscle tissue. The highest methylmercury levels in humans generally are found in the kidneys. Methylmercury in the body is considered to be relatively stable and is only slowly transformed to other forms of mercury. Methylmercury readily crosses the placental and blood/brain barriers. Its estimated half-life in the human body ranges from 44 to 80 days. Excretion of methylmercury is via the feces, urine, and breast milk. Methylmercury is also distributed to human hair and to the fur and feathers of wildlife measurement of mercury in hair and these other tissues has served as a useful biomonitor of contamination levels. 

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