Haemoglobinuria

Selvaraj, P., Rosse, W. F., Silber, R., Springer, T. A. (1988). The major Fc receptor in blood has a phosphatidylinositol anchor and is deficient in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Nature 333,565-7. 

Goldstein, B. D. Production of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria-like red cells by reducing the oxidizing agents. Brit. J. Haematol. 26 49-58, 1974. 

Concentrated solutions of resorcinol are irritating to the skin and ingestion of large doses may induce hypothermia, hypotension, decreased respiration, tremors, icterus and haemoglobinuria in children (lARC, 1977). 

Simak J, Holada K, Risitano AM, Zivny JH, Young NS, Vostal JG. Elevated circulating endothelial membrane microparticles in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol 2004 125 804-813. 

Ronne E, Pappot H, Grondahl-Hansen J, Hoyer-Hansen G, Plesner T, Hansen NE, et al. The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator is present in plasma from healthy donors and elevated in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol 1995 89(3) 576-581. 

The symptoms of acute and chronic poisoning by arsenic have been described by Rentoul and Smith [10], Davidson and Henry [11] and Fowler [12]. Acute symptoms include gastrointestinal damage, convulsions and haemorrhage at autopsy, fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys is frequently noted. Acute inhalation of arsine is followed by extensive haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and death from renal failure. 

Numerous congenital or acquired diseases lead to haemolysis, (s. p. 218) (s. tab. 12.3) They are subsumed under the term haemolytic syndrome. Particularly, sickle-cell anaemia, thalassaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria are worthy of mention in this context. 

Rosse, W.F. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria as a molecular disease. Medicine 1997 76 63—93... 

Lupus anticoagulant Myeloproliferative disease (31) Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Polycythaemia vera Protein C deficiency (68)... 

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Sickle cell anaemia ... 

Hagnevik K, Gordon E, Lins LE, et al. Glycerol-induced haemolysis with haemoglobinuria and acute renal failure. Lancet 1974 i 75-77. 

Cold autoantibody type. Autoantibodies that react optimally at low temperatures (0-5 °C) with surface antigens of red blood cells. They mediate autoimmune haemolytic anaemia by either cold agglutinins (cold haemagglutinin disease) or cold haemolysins (paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria). 

Haemoglobinuria after a single dose treatment with dapsone and pyrimethamine for falciparum malaria in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 

Forage brassicas may also cause a haemolytic anaemia in mminants, in extreme cases of which the haemoglobin content of the blood falls to only one-third of its normal value and the red cells are destroyed so rapidly that haemoglobin appears in the mine (haemoglobinuria).The condition is due to the presence in brassicas of the unusual amino add S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, which in the mmen is reduced to dimethyl disulphide ... 

Increases in plasma haemoglobin are seen when there is intra vascular haemolysis, e.g. haemolytic anaemias. Th haemoglobin can bind to haptoglobin to prevent its loss in th urine. If the binding capacity of the haptoglobin is exceeded however, haemoglobinuria results. 

Another report describes the balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, which is traditionally based on liquid sclerotherapy. However, overdose and systemic spillage of liquid sclerosant can cause severe complications, such as haemolysis that can lead to haemoglobinuria, allergy, acute respiratory distress S5mdrome and other disorders. 

In all patients, foam was observed in the target vessels at C-arm CT. The mean dose of polidocanol used for balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration was significantly smaller than the dose of contrast medimn used for venography. Haemoglobinuria was foimd in only one patient. Except in one instance of recanalisation, full variceal thrombosis was confirmed at contrast-enhanced CT 1 week after transvenous obliteration. In one patient, air migrated into the liver during transvenous obliteration, but it was spontaneously absorbed. 

Heematnria.—Blood may appear in the urine in the form of corpuscles, free haemoglobin (haemoglobinuria), and abnormal derivatives (methaemoglobin, and haematoporphyrin). In haematuria the urine often has a smoky, reddish colour that is very characteristic. Microscopic examination of the sediment may show the presence of blood corpuscles if they have escaped haemolysis. 

Arsine is the simplest compound of arsenic. It is used in the semiconductor industry and has a use in the synthesis of organoarsenic compounds. It may be ingested or inhaled accidentally or deliberately. Arsine binds to the haemoglobin of red blood cells, causing them to be destroyed by the body, resulting in haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and subsequent nephropathy with renal failure. 

Glycerol is used as a therapeutic agent to reduce elevated intracranial and intraocular pressure and, until recently, was considered safe for oral and intravenous use. However, children with hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency may develop lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia after the use of glycerol. In adults, 20% glycerol in isotonic saline has caused haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and acute renal failure (42). 

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