HAADF-STEM

Figure 5. BF-TEM image of 1.1 wt% Pt (A) HAADF STEM image of 3.1 wt% Pt (B) BF-TEM image and HAADF STEM images of 11.1 wt% Pt (C and D respectively). Images were collected on the Hitachi microscopes.

Fig. 11.2 (a) HAADF-STEM image of a stained cell section (40nm thick). A SWNT cluster within a lysosome invading the lysosomal cell membrane, (b) Corresponding high-resolution lattice image of SWNTs at the lysosomal membrane from boxed area. Cytoplasm (cy) and secondary... 

Fig. 11.5 (a) Confocal microscope image of HMMs exposed to AgI SWNT at 3 days confirming inclusion of SWNT bundles inside the nucleus (blue), (b) HAADF-STEM image of PbO SWNTs crossing the nuclear membrane into the nucleus (inset from boxed region A) (40 nm thick section, unstained) (See Color Plates)... 

Fig. 11.6 A series of horizontal (b-c) slices and vertical slices (e-h) through a HAADF-STEM reconstruction of a freeze-dried whole cell exposed to C60 for 24 h. Slices are 0.15 im apart, (a) Voltex reconstruction of the same cell showing a horizontal orthoslice through the 3-D reconstruction. (d) Vertical orthoslice through the Voltex reconstruction. Slices through the reconstruction illustrate membranes (m), the nucleus (n), the cytoplasm (c), and secondary lysosomes (1). Several distributions of particles with the cell are revealed at each height through the reconstructed cell (See Color Plates)...

HAADF-STEM images (Ag+ stained) of (a) Nafion (b) PVDF-g-PSSA. (From Ffuang, H. S. et al. 2006. Applied Surface Science 253 2685-2689.)... 

Figure 8. HR-HAADF-STEM image of a MVTeNb oxide along the [001] direction. The bright spots correspond to single metal atoms, which are coordinated to six oxygen atoms. These octahdrae are connected via their edges and corners to form this complex bronze structure. The rectangle markes the unit cell in the (OOl)-plane. The circles marke the pentagonal bypiramid and the sic- and seven-sided channels.

Figure 2.13. Pd/C nanocatalyst in (a) BSE and (b) HAADF STEM in the same LVSEM instrument. For real-life catalysts on uneven (irregular) supports, BSE appears to be an effective method.

The distribution of diameters and volumes must now be translated into a distribution of the corresponding edge lengths and thicknesses of truncated octahedrons. This, however, requires an implicit calibration of the partide intensities in the HAADF-STEM image. Carlsson et al. used the average Au-Au coordination... 

Figure 7.23. Schematic of a dedicated HAADF-STEM. Reproduced with permission from McBride, J. R. Kippeny, T. C. Pennycook, S. J. Rosenthal, S. J. Nano Lett. 2004,4,1279. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.

Figure 7.24. Comparison of conventional HRTEM (a), with HAADF-STEM (b). Also shown (c) is the chemical analysis of an individual CdSe dumbbell. The white circle shows the amorphous oxide region, and the surface of the nanocrystal is outlined in black. Unlike conventional HRTEM, it is also possible to label the individual nanocrystal facets, such as Cd-rich (001) and Se-rich (001 ). Reproduced with permission from McBride, J. R. Kippeny, T. C. Pennycook, S. J. Rosenthal, S. J. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1279. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.

This chapter includes a review of the recent literature on polymer microscopy. The basic principles and current challenges of the techniques, as well as the experimental aspects of sample preparation and observation are reviewed elsewhere [1-8]. Specific techniques are surveyed in other reviews for instance TEM [9], SEM [10], Field emission SEM [11], and high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM [12]. 

Additional reports [82] revealed that the volume concentrations of CB can be precisely determined using HAADF-STEM. In another study, the same authors reported that the filler distribution in polymer nanocomposite systems could be clearly determined [83]. They also observed the nanoscale organization in a photoactive layer of a polymer solar cell that could not be seen with CTEM [79]. 

Finally, signiflcant contrast increase of stained samples was reported when the HAADF-STEM technique was used for several systems, such as cellulose microfibers and whiskers within poly(lactic acid) [85],... 

Figure 6. HAADF STEM image of a zoned catalyst particle. 6b. Carbon image. 6c. Iron image, 6d. Oxygen image, all areal density images generated from EELS spectrum image.

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