Guinea pig serum

DiVincenzo GD, Kaplan CJ, Dedinas J. 1976. Characterization of the metabolites of methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone in guinea pig serum and their clearance. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 36 511-522. 

The presence of asparaginase in guinea pig serum was first reported by Clementi (10), who also noted the absence of this enzyme in the sera of a number of other common mammals including the rat, cat, dog, monkey, and human. The list of animal sera from which asparaginase... 

Lee and Bridges (13) have confirmed the absence of asparaginase in the serum of a variety of animal species and in 25 human sera but have observed that human and sheep sera, themselves devoid of detectable asparaginase activity, enhanced the activity of guinea pig serum (GPS). Other sera did not show this effect with the GPS enzyme, but all the sera enhanced E. coli asparaginase activity. Further work by these authors (47) and by Ho and Jones (48) indicates that the effect results from a nonspecific stabilization by plasma proteins. 

Several partial purifications of guinea pig serum asparaginase have been reported, beginning with a sevenfold purification by Meister in... 

Several factors are involved in the wide variation in tumor inhibitory activity of asparaginases from different sources (98). One obvious possibility is the rate of clearance of the enzyme from the circulation of the host animal, and Broome (26) was the first to obtain evidence implicating half-life as a factor in antitumor effectiveness. Guinea pig serum asparaginase, for example, has a half-life time of 11-19 hr, while a partially purified yeast asparaginase preparation without antilymphoma activity is almost completely cleared within 30 min. Differences in half-life alone cannot explain the differences in antitumor activity in all cases, however and the question still remains as to what structural features are responsible for rapid or slow clearance. Mashburn and Landin (85) have suggested that differences in half-life time may be related to the isoelectric point of the enzyme, and evidence also exists to support the idea that the tumor inhibitory activity of some asparaginases is related to their K, values (59, 67). 

Figure 5. Natural antibodies in normal human and rabbit sera against liposomes containing gangliosides GM1 or Gntb. Glucose release measured from liposomes containing DMPC, CHOL, DCP, and GM, (150 /lg/fimol PC) or G,)tb (150 fig/p/riol PC). Human serum was complement source with the GM, liposomes due to high level of anti-Gui activity in guinea pig serum (1).

Unfortunately 1-ASP was difficult to obtain from guinea pig serum in suffi-cient amounts. Thus, other potential sources for the enzyme had to be found, Mashbum and Wriston [12] successfully purified L coli 1-ASP and demonstrated its tumor-inhibitory activity, which opened the way for large-scale production of the enzyme. 

I. G. Kidd, Regression of transplanted lymphomas induced in vivo by means of noimal guinea pig serum. I. Course of transplanted comers of various kinds in mice and rata eiven euinea nw serum, hone serum or rabbit serum. I. Fm Med. 97 565... 

I. D Broome. Evidence that taquraginsse of guinea pig serum Is responsible for Its Bntttymphoma effects. 1. Properties of the tatpaiaginase of guinea pig serum in relation to those of the antilymphoma substance. /. F bled, 115 99 (1963). 

T. O. Yellin and J. C. Wriston. Antagonism of purified asparaginase from guinea pig serum towards lymphoma. Science 151 998 (1966). 

Fractogel DEAE 650S, DEAE cellulose (weak anion exchange) carboxymethyld extrans Guinea pig serum proteins, mouse liver cytosol proteins 18... 

Rabbit anti-Forssman IgM antibody, diluted 1 8 Rabbit anti-line-10 antibody, diluted 1 20 Guinea pig serum (GPC), diluted 1 8 Normal human serum (HuC), diluted 1 6 Dextran sulfate, 10%... 

Figure 1 shows the kinetics of release of radioiodinated protein from antibody-complement-treated tumor cells. Guinea pig serum caused the maximum enhanced release compared to untreated cells of I-labeled protein from anti-Forssman antibody-sensitized cells within 10 min of incubation there was no enhanced release of I-labeled protein compared to controls from anti-line-10 antibody-sensitized cells treated with GPC (Fig. lA). Similarly, HuC caused maximal enhanced release of cell surface protein from cells sensitized with either antibody within 10 min (Fig. IE). No enhanced release of membrane protein was observed from cells treated with antibody alone or complement alone (Fig. 1). The values in Fig. 1 represent 23-40% of the total cell-bound activity associated with [ I]ISA.

Antibody-Guinea Pig Serum (GPC)-Mediated Release of I-Labeled Membrane Lipids from Line-10 Tumor Cells"... 

This procedure, in which dilutions of test sample are analyzed along with standard IgG, has been used to determine the concentration of IgG in normal human, rabbit, and guinea pig serum. Levels shown in Table III agree well with available reported values. 

Pooled guinea pig serum samples were employed. Analytical conditions employed column, /LtPorasil eluant, 0.125% citrate trisodium salt, pH 7.3 flow rate, i.O mL/min sample size, i yiL. 

Other methods are available that vary in their degree of success. These include passage in athymic nude mice (Van Diggelen et al., 1977), growth of cells in rabbit or guinea pig serum (Nair, 1985) and the use of nucleic acid analogues (Marcus et al., 1980)... 

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