Growth social control

In addition to the built-in protection and control mechanisms, the cell is also subject to a number of external controls, which ensure that cell division occurs in balance with the overall development of the organism and with external growth conditions. This is a kind of social control of cell division that regulates the progress of the cell cycle, with the help of circulating signal molecules or via cell-cell interactions. 

Karplus I (2005) Social control of growth in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) a review and prospects for future research. Aquacult Res 36 238-254... 

Karplus I, Barki A (2004) Social control of growth in the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus testing the sensory modalities involved. Aquaculture 242 321-333... 

There are serious questions about the effect of continued growth of the human population. We often focus on the matter of adequate food production, but large populations also affect the environment and our need for energy. Chemists can furnish the tools to help deal with the political and social questions. Some population growth occurs not because it is intentional, but because adequate methods for birth control are unavailable to people in poor countries. Thus one challenge for chemists is to develop better methods that would be safe, effective, and inexpensive and would enable all people to pursue their own decisions regarding population growth. 

Few studies have examined noradrenergic function in patients with phobic disorders. In patients with specific phobias, increases in subjective anxiety and increased heart rate, blood pressure, plasma NE, and epinephrine have been associated with exposure to the phobic stimulus (Nesse et al. 1985). This finding may be of interest from the standpoint of the model of conditioned fear, reviewed above, in which a potentiated release of NE occurs in response to a reexposure to the original stressful stimulus. Patients with social phobia have been found to have greater increases in plasma NE in comparison to healthy controls and patients with panic disorder (Stein et al. 1992). In contrast to panic disorder patients, the density of lymphocyte a-adrenoceptors is normal in social phobic patients (Stein et al. 1993). The growth hormone response to intravenous clonidine (a marker of central a2-receptor function) is blunted in social phobia patients (Tancer et al. 1990). 

Reducing population growth would be another way to address the problem of diminishing wildlands. After all, fewer people on Earth would mean that less land needs to be used to grow food. But who decides how to go about this Some countries oppose birth control and others are encouraging their citizens to reproduce, even providing incentives to do so (Chivers 2006). Clearly, there are a host of social, economic, and political issues that mediate the relationship between agricultural production, human nutrition, and habitat protection. 

Human numbers are growing fastest in the tropical world. With this growth goes an increase in livestock, and in cultivated soil. Pressure is increasing rapidly on life-support resources, and on land. Control depends on an understanding, not only of the social questions involved, but of the demands each living being makes on essential resources. 

Chemical development in India, as well as other industrial development, has been carried out in five plan periods, nominally of 5 yr each. The sixth 5-yr plan (Dl) is currently under review, and development in the ensuing 5 yr will be guided by this plan when it is complete. During the plan period, the overall growth pattern is projected on the basis of broad social objectives. Control is maintained by the use of licensing and financing, both of which are in the public domain, as discussed above. 

The state of Kerala in southern India has shown how to control population growth, even though it is not wealthy.88 Its per capita income ( 300/yr) is 1/65 that of the United States. Its population of 30 million people lives in land about the size of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Life expectancy is high. Infant mortality is low. The birth rate is lower, and the literacy rate higher, than in the United States. The state spends 60% of its budget on health and education. Women and men are treated equally under this system. It may also have old-age pensions. The secret to the control of population in developing nations appears to be to improve the social status of women and to focus on the satisfaction of basic human needs.89... 

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