Growth hormone therapy

List the monitoring parameters necessary to assess therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects in patients receiving growth hormone therapy. 

Recombinant growth hormone therapy is the main pharmacologic treatment for growth hormone deficiency in both children and adults. 

P. Brown, C. C. Gajdusek, C. J. Gibbs, and D. N. Asher, Potential epidemic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from human growth hormone therapy, N. Engl. J. Med., 313(12), 728 (1985). 

Chernausek, S.D., K.M. Attie, J.F Cara, R.G. Rosenfeld, and J. Frane, Growth hormone therapy of Turner syndrome the impact of age of estrogen replacement on final height. Genentech, Inc., Collaborative Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000. 85(7) 2439-45. 

Demling R Growth hormone therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1999 341 837. [PMID 10490384]... 

A 13-month-old girl with Turner s syndrome developed mild papilledema (29). At the age of 4 years she was considered for growth hormone therapy and investigation showed intracranial hypertension before therapy was started. 

The recurrence rate of intracranial tumors has been addressed in a number of large observational studies. Reports from the NCGS database (which includes 1262 children with brain tumors) and from England have shown no increase in intracranial tumor recurrence in patients treated with growth hormone (97,98). For patients with craniopharyngioma, postoperative irradiation reduced the recurrence rate, but growth hormone therapy did not increase the risk (99). 

Caboclo LO, Huang N, Lepski GA, Livramento JA, Buchpiguel CA, Porto CS, Nitrini R. Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease following human growth hormone therapy case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002 60(2-B) 458-61. 

Crock PA, McKenzie JD, Nicoll AM, Howard NJ, Cutfield W, Shield LK, Byrne G. Benign intracranial hypertension and recombinant growth hormone therapy in Australia and New Zealand. Acta Paediatr 1998 87(4) 381-6. 

Jeffcoate W. Growth hormone therapy and its relationship to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diabetes mel-litus a review of recent evidence. Drug Saf 2002 25(3) 199-212. 

Singh KP, Prasad R, Chari PS, Dash RJ. Effect of growth hormone therapy in burn patients on conservative treatment. Burns 1998 24(8) 733-8. 

Filler G, Franke D, Amendt P, Ehrich JH. Reversible diabetes mellitus during growth hormone therapy in chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 1998 12(5) 405-7. 

Jeffcoate W. Can growth hormone therapy cause diabetes 66. Lancet 2000 355(9204) 589-90. 

Bareille P, Azcona C, Matthews DR, Conway GS, Stanhope R. Lipid profile, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after more than four years of growth hormone therapy in non-growth hormone deficient adolescents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999 51(3) 347-53. 

Allen DB. Safety of human growth hormone therapy current topics. J Pediatr 1996 128(5 Pt 2) S8-S13. 

Noda H, Onishi H, Saitoh K, Nakajima H. Growth hormone therapy may increase fracture risk in a pubertal patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002 15(2) 217-8. 

Kanazawa H, Tanaka H, Inoue M, Yamanaka Y, Namba N, Seino Y. Efficacy of growth hormone therapy for patient with skeletal dysplasia. J Bone Mineral Metab 2003 21 307-10. 

Wiltshire E, Wickremesekera A, Dixon J. Floating-Harbor syndrome complicated by tethered cord a new association and potential contribution from growth hormone therapy. Am J Med Genet A 2005 136(l) 81-3. 

Pitukcheewanont P, Schwarzbach L, Kaufman FR. Resumption of growth after methionyl-free human growth hormone therapy in a patient with neutralizing antibodies to methionyl human growth hormone. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002 15(5) 653-7. 

Allen DB, Carrel AL, Growth hormone therapy for Prader-Willi syndrome a critical appraisal. J Ped Endocrinol Metab 2004 17 1297-306. 

Lee RS, Higgs D, Haddo O, Pringle J, Briggs TWR. Osteosarcoma associated with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia a case of a child receiving growth hormone therapy. Sarcoma 2004 8 47-9. 

Toogood AA. The somatopause. An indication for growth hormone therapy. Treat Endocrinol 2004 3 201-9. 

Long term results of growth hormone therapy in Turner syndrome... 

Guyda, H.J. 1999. Four decades of growth hormone therapy for short children What have we achieved J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 4307. 

Leukemia has been reported in a small number of pediatric patients who have been treated with growth hormone, including growth hormone of pituitary origin as well as recombinant DNA origin (somatrem and somatropin). The relationship, if any, between leukemia and growth hormone therapy is unknown... 

E2. Editorial Growth hormone therapy in elderly people. Lancet 337, 1131—1132(1991). 

K2. Kaiser, F. E., Aging and malnutrition Growth hormone therapy shows promise. Geriatrics 47, 85-90(1992). 

It is used in children with growth hormone deficiency, while the bone epiphyses are still open, to prevent dwarfism and provide normal growth. Use simply to avoid low height for social reasons is controversial, and at 15 000 ( 20 000) p.a. is certainly hard to justify. Growth hormone therapy should be confined to specialist clinics. 

British Medical Journal 319 1343-1345 Vance M L, Mauras N1999 Growth hormone therapy in adults and children. New England Journal of Medicine 341 1206-1216 Vessey M P et al 1989 Mortality among oral... 

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