Growth from High-Melting Solutions

Crystal Growth from Melts and Solutions 17.2.4.2. Growth from High-Melting Solutions 17.2.4,2.1. Slow Cooling. 

The growth of a crystal in solution probably proceeds similarly to the growth in vapour but growth from supercooled melts needs further study. In all instances a very high supersaturation (1.5 times) is normally needed to initiate growth. 

This section will describe some special problems, violations and handicaps of crystal growth associated with different types of phase diagrams. Growth of bulk crystals from the liquid state plays a dominant role for many technical applications and also in basic research. For this reason, the section is focused on growth processes from the melt, from high-temperature solutions and from aqueous solutions. The variable pressure cannot be neglected, but it is accepted to have Htde influence for many material systems, also at elevated temperature. 

In addition to thin-film electrodes, compact diamond single crystals grown at high temperature and high pressure have become the object of electrochemical study in recent years. These so-called HTHP crystals can be obtained by crystallization from a carbon solution in a metal melt (e.g., based on the Ni-Fe-Mn system) at /arranges that correspond to the conditions of thermodynamic stability of diamond. These crystals can be also doped with boron in the course of growth. 

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