Growth and maturation

Thyroid hormone stimulates production of IGF-I directly (liver) and indirectly (via increased growth hormone, GH). In adults with hypothyroidism, basal serum GH levels are normal, but the GH responses to provocative stimuli, nocturnal GH secretion, and serum IGF-I are all subnormal. In cretinism (infantile hypothyroidism), linear growth is severely retarded and the resultant dwarfism is characterized by a retention of the high upper to lower body ratio of infancy. The growth retardation in persons with cretinism is primarily due to delayed appearance of ossification centers in long bone, and secondarily to a deficiency in growth factors. 

A deficiency of thyroid hormone during fetal development due to untreated or undertreated maternal hypothyroidism results in a neurological deficit in the offspring. In congenital hypothyroidism, a normal maternal thyroid can meet the fetal requirements for thyroid hormone. However, in the postnatal period these infants require a prompt thyroid hormone replacement therapy throughout their life, beginning in the first few weeks of life. If untreated, they inevitably develop growth and mental retardation. Thyroid hormone is essential for maturational development of the CNS and is required for the development of axonal projections and myelination. One of the important effects of thyroid hormone is to promote the synthesis of myelin basic protein. 

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Estrogens mainly affect the growth and maturation of the female reproductive system and the maintenance... 

Breast development lactation Growth of skeleton and visceral tissues increase blood glucose protein synthesis increase blood fatty acids Growth and maturation, normal neurological development and function increase in metabolic rate... 

Buta JG and Spaulding DW. 1997. Endogenous levels of phenolics in tomato fruit during growth and maturation. J Plant Growth Regul 16(1) 43—46. 

X-Linked agammaglobulinemia Defect in gene coding for Bruton tyrosine kinase responsible for B cell growth and maturation. 

The period from 1 month to 2 years of age is a time of rapid growth and maturation. By the end of this period, most systems function at adult levels. Paradoxically, between 2 and 12 years of age drug clearance greatly increases and often exceeds adult levels. Half-lives are shorter and dosing requirements are frequently greater than for adults (Table 6.3). 

Kozukue, N., Friedman, M. (2003). Tomatine, chlorophyll, p-carotene and lycopene content in tomatoes during growth and maturation. J. Sci. Food Agric., 83, 195-200. 

The beet, as before eteted, is a biennial plant. During the first year of its life the root is developed to its full size, and secretes the whole amount of sugar which, in the natural life of the plant, furnishes the material for the growth and maturity of its upper part. It follows that when the plant is cultivated for its sugar, it is for this purpose ripe when its first year s stage of development is complete, The time required for this depends upon that of the sowing, and upon the seasons. Its criterion is the commence-... 

Structure of /3-ecdysone and juvenile hormone. These hormones play major roles in the growth and maturation of insects by controlling the timing for molting of the insect exoskeleton. 

Bennet, E.M., Heath, P.A. and Bryant, C. (1 993) The effects of changes in the definitive host environment on the metabolism of FJymenolepis diminuta during growth and maturation. International Journal for Parasitology 23, 57-68. 

Amiot, M. T., Fleuriet, A., and Macheix, J. T. (1986). Importance and evolution of phenolic compounds in olive during growth and maturation. ]. Agric. Food Chem. 34, 823-826. Andrew, E. R., Bradbury, A., and Eades, R. G. (1958). Nudear magnetic resonance spectra from a crystal rotated at high speed. Nature 182,1659-1660. 

Ovarian follicular growth and maturation will occur during hMG or FSH treatment of gonadotropin-deficient women. Ovulation requires administration of chorionic gonadotropin when adequate follicular maturation has occurred. 

Effects on biochemical measures of brain cell growth and maturation... 

Given the wealth of breakthrough-level work that has taken place over the past several years (in part detailed above), there seems little doubt that our overall understanding of the chemoreception has entered a robust period of growth and maturation. At first glance, it should be noted that the primacy of the conservation of general principles of olfactory signal transduction has now been... 

In addition to its role in the development of the secondary sex characteristics in females, estrogen has important physiological functions in the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems, as well as its effects on the growth and maturation of the long bones. It is also implicated in a number of diseases (including breast and uterine cancers) and in... 

Vinayakam, A. (1985). Distribution of lyo- and desmo-glycogen in relation to growth and maturity of proglottids of Moniezia benedeni. Foli Parasitologica, 32 67-71. 

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