Ground water methods

Similar to EPA method 8270, the U.S. DOE method OMIOOR describes the determination of semivolatile organic compounds, including phthalate esters, in extracts from all types of solid waste matrices, sods, and ground water. Method OMIOOR incorporates the use of an ion trap mass detector in place of the quadrupole, typically used in earlier versions of the EPA method. 

U.S. EPA, Method SCI-Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus Containing Pesticides in Ground Water hy GCj NPD, draft, Apr. 15, 1988 available from U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1988. 

With this method, levels of 0.1 p.g 1 can be detected in ground water and, if an offline liquid-liquid extraction step is added, levels of 0.1 p.g 1 can be detected (48). 

Methods 508, 508.1, and 525.2 (EPA 1997a, 1997b, 1997c) are applicable to drinking water and ground-water and can determine a- and [3-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate at concentrations as low as 7 ppt using liquid solid extraction (LSE) and GC/ECD. 

Radioactive tracers can show flow pathways that cannot be detected using other methods of detection. Tritiated water added to a holding tank results in radioactivity in the water from wells that draw from the ground water supply into which the holding tank drains. 

Morgan P, RJ Watkinson (1989b) Microbiological methods for the cleanup of soil and ground water contaminated with halogenated organic compounds. FEMS Microbiol Revs 63 277-300. 

In situ densitometry has been the most preferred method for quantitative analysis of substances. The important applications of densitometry in inorganic PLC include the determination of boron in water and soil samples [38], N03 and FefCNfg in molasses [56], Se in food and biological samples [28,30], rare earths in lanthanum, glass, and monazite sand [22], Mg in aluminum alloys [57], metallic complexes in ground water and electroplating waste water [58], and the bromate ion in bread [59]. TLC in combination with in situ fluorometry has been used for the isolation and determination of zirconium in bauxite and almnimun alloys [34]. The chromatographic system was silica gel as the stationary phase and butanol + methanol + HCl -H water -n HF (30 15 30 10 7) as the mobile phase. 

TR. Dombrowski, E.M. Thurman, and G.B. Mohrman, A first application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening cyclodiene insecticides in ground water, in Environmental Immunochemical Methods, ed. J.M. Van Emon, C.L. Ger-lach, and J.C. Johnson, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 148-154 (1996). 

After the calibration procedure and the control over the experiment have been improved, a similar experiment with enhanced ground water flow will be done to develop the method further. 

Treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater discharged from the textile and other dye-stuff industries is necessary to prevent contamination of soil and surface and ground water. Currently, there are several physicochemical and biological methods... 

Parkhurst, D., Kipp, K., Engesgaard, P., Charlton, S. 2004. PHAST - A program for simulating ground-water flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A8. 

The use of the Charm II RIA test to analyze tetracycline antibiotics in water (both surface and groundwater) has been reported [84, 97]. This RIA, which was initially developed to analyze tetracycline in serum, urine, and milk, was subsequently adapted to analyze water samples at concentration levels around 1 pg L-1. Thus, samples from hog lagoons, surface water samples, and ground-water samples were tested using the RIA method and the results confirmed by LC-MS. 

Double-cell system, in soil and ground water treatment, 25 835 Double crucible technique, 11 135-136 Double-deck kiln, 15 530 Double-drum dryers, 9 134 Double-drum separator, 15 446 Double-effect distillation, 10 153 Double end point titration method,... 

In situ air stripping, in soil and ground water treatment, 25 844 In situ bioremediation, in soil and ground water treatment, 25 836-842 In situ combustion enhanced oil recovery method, 18 630-631 In situ composites, 13 503 In situ diagnostics, for MOCVD, 22 155-156... 

Feenstra S, Mackay DM, Cherry JA. 1991. A method for assessing residual NAPL based on organic chemical concentrations in soil samples. Ground Water Monitoring Review 11(2) 128-136. 

Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities Appendix IX -Ground-water Monitoring List 0.1-10 pg/L (Practical Quantitation Limits for 2 Methods) 40 CFR 264 EPA 1980b... 

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