Ground pollution

This form of tissue helminthiasis is caused by the migration of the larvae of dog and cat ascarids, Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in the visceral tissues of humans. The disease is more common in children than the adults who often come in contact with the eggs of T. canis or T.catti while playing on the ground polluted by cat and dog faeces. The infection by Toxocara in dogs is cosmopolitan however, surveys indicate that it is prevalent in the U.S.A., Britain, Africa and some parts of Asia [31,32]. In humans the rate or incidence of visceral larva migran is low nevertheless nearly 10,000 people are estimated to carry this disease around the world [24]. 

P. Attewell, Ground Pollution. Environment, Geology, Engineering and Law, E. F.N. Spon, London, 1993. 

H-M-C Chemical grouting in foundation treatment Ground pollution and treatment. 

Article 16 Air pollution, water contamination, ground pollution, undesired sounds... 

There are many types of accidents and spills involving hazardous materials. In 1992, the Ministry of the Environment listed 710 sueh accidents, which resulted, separately or simultaneously, in fires and explosions (47%), water pollution (30%), atmospheric pollution (20%), ground pollution (19%) (BARPI, 1992). Fifty-seven percent of these accidents were from industrial establishments. The transport of hazardous materials is often involved (16% of cases). Accidental pollution of unknown origin, which essentially damages natural environments, is caused by a significant number of the cases listed (15%). Agriculture is the source of 6% of these accidents, and 5% are from various trades and activities. 

Similar consideration must be given to environmental aspects of risk such as air pollution, ground pollution, noxious emissions etc., and this should be extended to cover the waste, either solid, liquid or gaseous, that is an integral by-product of every manufacturing process that uses chemicals. The risks posed in this area must be treated with the same level of importance as the risks resulting from the raw material or finished product. 

Those concerns also apply to the construction of underground caverns, which are opened for several engineering purposes, such as hydroelectric power plants, metro stations, fluid storage and dangerous waste disposal. Moreover, reference should also be made to the problems of ground pollution, subsidence and collapse that reflect at the surface of the ground. 

Possible negative environmental effects of fertilizer use are the subject of iatensive evaluation and much discussion. The foUowiag negative effects of fertilizer usage have been variously suggested (113) a deterioration of food quaUty the destmction of natural soil fertility the promotion of gastroiatestiaal cancer the pollution of ground and surface water and contributions toward the destmction of the ozone layer ia the stratosphere. 

M. Barcelona, A. Wehrmann, J. Kelly, and W. Pettyjohn, Contamination of Ground Water Prevention, Assessment, Restoration, Pollution Technology Review No. 184, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, N.J., 1990. 

Environmental Business Journal Global Environmental Change Report Golob s Oil Pollution Bulletin Greenhouse Effect Report Ground Water Monitor Industrial Environment Industrial Health Ha2ards Update (IH HU)... 

LLDPE can be disposed of by landfill or incineration. In landfill, the material is completely inert, degrades very slowly, does not produce gas, and does not leach any pollutants into ground water. When incinerated in commercial or municipal faciHties, LLDPE produces a large amount of heat (the same as heating fuel) and should constitute less than 10% of the total trash. 

The NAAQS are expressed ia the form of ground level concentrations (GLC), which are the concentrations of pollutant ia the ambient air as measured at ground level, ia units of either micrograms per cubic meter or ppm. In order to convert a source s emission ia kilograms per hour to a GLC, dispersion modeling must be used. 

The ore is ordinarily ground to pass through a ca 1.2-mm (14-mesh) screen, mixed with 8—10 wt % NaCl and other reactants that may be needed, and roasted under oxidising conditions in a multiple-hearth furnace or rotary kiln at 800—850°C for 1—2 h. Temperature control is critical because conversion of vanadium to vanadates slows markedly at ca 800°C, and the formation of Hquid phases at ca 850°C interferes with access of air to the mineral particles. During roasting, a reaction of sodium chloride with hydrous siUcates, which often are present in the ore feed, yields HCl gas. This is scmbbed from the roaster off-gas and neutralized for pollution control, or used in acid-leaching processes at the mill site. 

Because of the expanded scale and need to describe additional physical and chemical processes, the development of acid deposition and regional oxidant models has lagged behind that of urban-scale photochemical models. An additional step up in scale and complexity, the development of analytical models of pollutant dynamics in the stratosphere is also behind that of ground-level oxidant models, in part because of the central role of heterogeneous chemistry in the stratospheric ozone depletion problem. In general, atmospheric Hquid-phase chemistry and especially heterogeneous chemistry are less well understood than gas-phase reactions such as those that dorninate the formation of ozone in urban areas. Development of three-dimensional models that treat both the dynamics and chemistry of the stratosphere in detail is an ongoing research problem. 

L. W. Cantei and R. C. Knox, Ground Water Pollution Control, Lewis PubHsheis, Inc., Chelsea, Mich., 1985, pp. 89—125. 

L. R. Embei, Strategies for Reducing Pollution at the Source are Gaining Ground, C E News, July 8, 1991, p. 7. 

Kingman and Sheppard (Air Pollut. Control Assoc. Prepr. 75-30.3) have developed an ioniziug wet scrubber in which the charged mist particles are collected in a grounded, irrigated cross-flow bed of TeUerette packing. Particles smaller than 1 [Lm have been collected... 

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