Swarf, grinding

The highest G-ratios are obtained when grinding with straight oil coolants. Such oils reduce power, increase maximum depth of cut, and produce smoother finishes. Disadvantages include inabiUty to remove heat from the work, oil mist in the work area, fire hazard, and tendency to hold grinding swarf (fine metal chips and abrasive particles produced in the grinding process) in suspension. Reference 51 is an excellent survey article for grinding fluids. 

Figure 1, SEM photomicrographs of the filler metal and grinding swarf on a Vehicle Information Number (VIN) Tab (275x)...

Because the design of agglomeration plants, especially of those using briquetting, can be very compact, they are often suitable for installation at or near the dust-collection system(s) (Fig. 8.29). They are fully automatic, needing practically no operator attention, and can be monitored from a nearby control room. In the case of dust recirculation from specialty steel production, the briquettes that were reinforced with alloyed steel grinding swarf were an excellent feed addition for electric arc fiir-... 

Some of more common features of the die spotting press include lights for die-area illumination, drift brake for the slide, way covers to protect the gibs from grinding swarf, compressed air receptacles, and electrical receptacles for power tools and welders. Besides these features, some die spotting presses are equipped with rolling bolsters, adjustable mechanical stops for the slide, and partial or full turnover features for the upper tool. 

Available speeds range between 4500 and 8500 rev. min , flow rates from 2.5 to lOm h and bowl diameters from 335 to 615 mm. Multi-chamber centrifuges, apart from the separation of grinding swarf from cutting oils already mentioned, are mainly used for the clarification of beer, wine, fruit juice and varnishes. 

In an auto theft case, the vehicle information number tab (VIN) had been removed and a second one welded on to replace it. The VIN tab was examined in the SEM and the weld, the remaining fracture surfaces, the grinding marks and the swarf remnant from the grinding were easily identified and photographed. These features are shown in Figure 1. Metallographic procedures were also used after the SEM analysis to confirm the fact that a welding operation had been performed. 

Fine particles removed by a cutting or grinding tool. Metal swarf means turnings, borings, chips, wires, clippings, and foil. 

Swarf is a general term applied to the fine metal particles removed from any metalworking techniques. It can contain metal, abrasive particles from grinding tools, and coolant. 

Contacted Swarf easily removed oxide layers during grinding... 

Running water is generally used as a medium when grinding on diamond disks or silicon carbide papers. The water serves to carry away the swarf and cool the sample. Oils, kerosene, and glycerol-alcohol mixtures are used as media for grinding water-sensitive ceramics. If loose diamond particles are used in place of diamond grinding disks or silicon carbide papers, then oil-soluble pastes or the conventional diamond suspensions based on water, alcohol, or oil are used in connection with suitable lubricants. 

After the individual grinding and polishing steps, the specimens must be thoroughly cleaned in an ultrasonic bath. This removes abrasive particles, polish particles, and swarf residue from the surface and pores of the specimen. These materials cannot be removed from the section surface by simple cleaning methods. 

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