Green production

Reaction with 1,3-benzenediamine-periodate (91) or with a hypochlorite—alkaline phenol (Berthelot) reagent enables the detection of both 2- and 4-aminophenol, the latter reagent giving distinguishable blue and dark green products, respectively (92). 4-Aminophenol itself has been shown to react in alkaline solution with both the 2- and 3-aminophenol isomers, a reaction exploited for their detection (93). 

Heating the white reaction product to 140 C for one hour in vacuum caused a visible iodine evolution and approximately 40% weight loss. No further weight loss was observed up to 250°C. The gaseous products from the pyrolysis were not collected. The green product from pyrolysis analyzed Pu, 43 3% I, 50 2% C, 4.9 1%. The empirical formula PuI2C2H3 has the calculated composition Pu, 45.88% I, 48.75% C, 4.79%. 

The pale green product is called basic copper carbonate and is responsible for the green patina of copper and bronze objects (Fig. 16.13). The patina adheres to the surface, protects the metal, and has a pleasing appearance. 

A (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium chelating guanidinate complex has been conveniently prepared by treatment of [Cp IrCl2]2 with N,N, N"-th-p-tolylguanidine and base in THF at room temperature followed by recrystallization of the green product from toluene and pentane (Scheme 154). Insertion reactions of the product with heterocumulenes (diaryl carbodiimides, aryl isocyanates) have been investigated. It was found that the complex serves as highly active catalyst for the metathesis of diaryl carbodiimides with each other and for the more difficult metathesis of diaryl carbodiimides with aryl isocyanates (cf. Section V.C). ... 

Green product design is about reviewing the entire life-cycle of a product or service from sourcing all the raw materials needed, to ultimate disposal at the end of life. Looking for opportimities to improve performance, reduce costs and reduce environmental impact. 

Deep innovation is a key part of green product design thinking. It offers the biggest gains in environmental, technical, economic and social performance. 

This section wiii describe approaches to identifying and impiementing opportunities for green product design, with practicai industriai exampies. 

To successfully carry out green product design, it is important to be able to properly describe the baseline case, the environmental impact of current methods of achieving a particular goal, and to be able to compare alternative options for achieving that goal. 

The whole topic of Life Cycle Assessment is dealt with in detail in Chapter 7. However, there are some important points about LCA as it relates to green product design. It is important to be able to compare different solutions, it is also important to be aware of the limitations of LCA. These include ... 

The main purpose of life-cycle data in green product design is to help select attractive opportunities for further development. LCA is not an end in itself, only a guide to decision making. So the advice attributed to the economist John Maynard Keynes is relevant it is better to be vaguely right than precisely wrong . 

There are many ways you can prime the search for innovation opportunities in green product design. Two with a proven track record are described in detail below the life-cycle profile and the eco-innovation compass. 

The percentage of the overall impact allocated to each stage of the life-cycle can then be displayed as a simple bar chart. This allows attention to be focused on the stage with maximum environmental impact, where green product design will have most effect. 

The following sections contain ideas for innovation along each of the seven dimensions, and examples of successful green product design from a range of industries. 

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