Graphs posting

Values of all the variables, stored by the PREPARE statement can be plotted at the end of the simulation or after an interrupt, using the GRAPH command. The GRAPH T,A,B,C,D, command, for example, plots a combined post-mortem graph of all the concentrations with respect to the independent variable time... 

Produce a post-mortem plot using data stored by means of a PREPARE statement. 1, 3, 4 are the run numbers. If the run list is omitted, all runs are plotted. X, Z etc., are the vertical variables. The last four parameters specify axis scaling and are optional, i.e., GRAPH X,Y,Z plots all runs with automatic scaling. 

Jacobson et al. (1955) assessed the lethality of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in rats following a 4-h exposure. Lethality was assessed over a 14-d post-exposure variability in the response. For 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, an LC50 of 252 ppm was calculated, and an LC2o of 210 ppm (515 mg/m3) was estimated from the exposure-response graphs in the report. The exposure-response curve was steep (slope = 8.65 SE = 2.8), suggesting very little variability among the test groups. 

Figure 7.2 Typical annual nutrient balances for irrigated rice soils pre- and post-1960 calculated from probable inputs (left side of each graph) and outputs (right side) (data from Greenland, 1997). Inputs come from R = rainfall, F = floodwater and irrigation, S = sediments, N = nitrogen fixation and M = manures and fertilizers. Outputs are due to removals in Cg = rice grain, Cs = rice straw. Cl = legume crop, S = seepage and percolation and G = gaseous emission...

The concentration of carbon tetrachloride was measured in the expired air of a person who swallowed a large amount of carbon tetrachloride (Stewart et al. 1963). Excretion in expired air was found to decrease exponentially in a biphasic or multiphasic fashion, but no quantitative estimate of the elimination half-life of carbon tetrachloride or of the fraction of the dose excreted by this pathway was provided. Visual inspection of their graphed data suggests very approximate half-lives of less than several hours initially, 40 hours (75-150 hours post exposure), and 85 hours (300-400 hours post exposure). 

B. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus recorded in vivo. The graph plots the early rising slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in response to low frequency stimulation (700 pA, 100 ms, 0.05 Hz). Four trains of high frequency stimulation (700 pA, 82.5 ms, 400 Hz) were dehvered at time 0. This produced an immediate increase in the EPSP slope (post-tetanic potentiation) and a sustained relatively constant enhancement that lasted for at least 60 minutes. Representative traces are included below the graph. Note the obvious increase in size of the superimposed population spike (downward deflection). 

The first step in any chemical approach to crystalline structure is to determine the short-range order, i.e. which atoms are bonded. The most convenient way of doing this is by means of the bond graph described in Section 2.5. In many cases all or most of the bond graph can be determined from first principles, since, except for the weakest bonds created in the post-crystallization stage, the bond graph is determined by the rules of chemistry, particularly the hierarchical principle (Rule 11.5), the valence matching principle (Rule 4.2), and the principle of maximum symmetry (Rule 3.1). 

Methods for accurately assessing the longitudinal course of mood disorders were first described by Adolph Meyer in 1951 ( 41). More recently, Post et al. (42) have encouraged retrospective and prospective historical graphing as an invaluable guide to the disorder s progression and response to therapy. They recommend grading episodes by three levels of severity ... 

Fig. 5 Statistical analysis of NeuN+ cells in the hippocampus. In CA1, cells were counted within frames placed in the proximal, middle, and distal CA1, while in CA2-CA4 a single frame was used (see Fig. 3 A). Note the marked reduction of positive cells in CA1 (left column of graphs) contrasting the insignificant reductions in CA2-CA4 (right column of graphs). p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc...

Once the analytical parameters have been determined from the method development and the method has proven suitable for routine measurements, internal quality control (IQC) procedures must be established to maintain the validity of the analytical scheme and to better monitor potential sources of errors. The IQC used includes pre- and post-digestion controls, blank determination, half range of the calibration graph checking, and recovery rate of the samples. The stability of the recovery rate with time (Fig. 1.4) shows that the method is robust after using... 

Fig. 2. TransIT-LTl-mediated transfection of HeLa cells at varying cell densities HeLa cells were plated in 12-well plates and transfected in parallel at 50% and 90% confluency. TransIT-LTl reagent transfections were performed in duplicate using a luciferase expression vector (pCI-luc) and 3 iL reagent per well, shows the importance of plating cells at optimal density for transfection. Twenty-four hours post-transfection, cells were harvested and assayed for luciferase activity. Visual confluence (line graph) was measured under the microscope at harvest. The data represent the average luciferase activity (Relative Light Units - RLUs in Millions) from three experiments performed on different days.

Initial levels of brightness, post color numbers, activation energy levels, estimated rates of change at room temperature, ranking orders, and coefficients of correlation by rank are listed in Table XI. Arrhenius graphs for reflective brightness data are shown in Figure 5. 

The baseline should be carefully adjusted to zero during post-processing at a non-absorbing waveband (e.g., 775-800 nm) this should be accompanied by visual inspection of a linear graph of acdom versus wavelength (with scales expanded to show detail, e.g., +0.05 m for the range 600-800 nm),... 

Republique Fran9aise. Ministfere du Commerce, de I Ll-dustrie, des Postes et des Tel6-graphes. 

Fig. 12. Modelling of Cole Creek water to predict well-bore scale. Upper graph shows modelled calcite saturation index (ST iJ for various modelling conditions. Lower graph shows anticipated calcium concentrations. Solid black is original, pre-C02 calcium concentration. Open circles are predicted calcium concentrations. Diamond is actual post-C02 concentration observed 4 months prior to intense well-bore scale precipitation in this well.

Both academic and industrial chemists became increasingly dependent on computers. The PR includes another exponential plot, showing that American industry had equipped itself with large mainframe computers during the post-World War II period. A complementary graph conveys the steadily increasing cost of computation. 

Figure 10.32 Check the graph of In (Cp) versus time after infusion stops (f- T) for post-infusion data for unreliable measurements and to verify the PK model is appropriate.

Make and Use Graphs Graph total mass versus total volume for the pre-1982 and post-1982 pennies. Plot and label two sets of points on the graph, one for pre-1982 pennies and one for post-1982 pennies. 

Figure 8.1-6. The vertical bar graph illustrates the mean relative mechanical threshold of afferent fibers at various time points after a 10- xL injection of phosphate-buffered saline control (black bars, n = 10) or 25- xg/mL human NGF (gray bars, n = l) into the masseter muscle. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean. p < 0.05 ANOVA and post hoc Holm-Sidak method compared with the baseline relative mechanical threshold.

In 1977 we reported a method based on graph theory for study of the skeletal bonding topology in polyhedral boranes, carboranes, and metal clusters Q). Subsequent work has shown this method to be very effective In relating electron count to cluster shape for diverse metal clusters using a minimum of computation. Discrete metal clusters treated effectively by this method Include post-transition metal clusters (, ) > osmium carbonyl clusters (O, gold clusters, platinum carbonyl clusters (J., 7 ) > and... 

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