Plotting a graph

If the graph is a curve, then the line joining the points will have to be drawn freehand, but it should still be drawn as a smooth curve which fits the available points as well as possible. 

These days, many people draw graphs by computer. Some computer packages are very sophisticated and will draw a best fit line. The more basic package will still join the dots . If you only have the basic package, it is probably best to draw the line manually. 

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With the same scanning capability, it is much faster and often more useful to simply scan one line on a sample. The data is again output to a color CRT, but it is presented as the modulation of the y-amplitude, which is determined by the intensity of the X-ray signal production ftom the ROI of the element of interest. As the probe scans along the line, the CRT plots a graph of the elemental counting rates versus distance. Here again, it is usually possible to plot the data from many ele-... 

Bode Plot a graph of the frequency response see Frequency Response Analysis) of an electrode whereby the magnitude and the phase angle are separately plotted as a function of the frequency. 

Plot a graph of the total effluent collected against the concentration of halide in each fraction (millimoles per litre). The sum of the titres using 0.3 M sodium nitrate eluant (less blank for each titration) corresponds to the chloride, and the parallel figure with 0.6M sodium nitrate corresponds to the bromide recovery. 

Procedure. Extract a series of aqueous aluminium solutions containing 5-25 mg aluminium in 5 mL, using the procedure described above under Sample. Calibrate the apparatus by injecting 0.30 L of each extract into the column and recording the peak area on the chromatogram. Plot a graph of peak area against concentration. 

E.33 Suppose that an element has two isotopes, one of mass mx and the other of mass m2, and that the former constitutes x% of the sample. Plot a graph showing how the mean mass of the atoms varies as x changes from 0% to 100%. 

Given the information in Exercise 3.47, plot a graph showing how the hybridization depends on the angle between two hybrids formed from an s-orbital and two p-orbitals, and confirm that it ranges from 90° when no s-orbital is included in the mixture to 120° when the hybridization is sp2. 

Plot a graph of the standard free energy of formation of the hydrogen halides against the period number of the halogens. What conclusions can be drawn from the graph ... 

We determine the value of [rj] experimentally by making measurements on a series of polymer solutions and plotting a graph of (p - iift/riQ c against c. This gives a straight line with intercept at [p]. The value of [p] is characteristic of the isolated polymer molecule in solution, because of the extrapolation to infinite dilution, and is a fimction of temperature, pressure, polymer type, solvent, and (most important of all in the present context) relative molar mass. 

From this it follows that plotting a graph of log M[7]] against elution volume should give a straight line for all polymer-solvent combinations. This was shown by Benoit et al to be true for a large number of systems and is referred to as the universal calibration curve. It is illustrated in Figure 6.6. 

H2 molecule, we can plot a graph in a (Ino -) frame and then calculate the sou t-for quantity from the slope of the straight line (Fig.4.4). Thus we And that the energy at which the bond in H2 breaks is equal to 101 kcal/mol. This value differs from flie one obtained by spectroscopic measurements (104 kcal/mol) by only several percent. Similar results were obtained by the same method for pyrolysis of oxygen [5] and nitrogen [6]. Note that in experiments with hydrogen, the... 

Plot a graph of decay rate versus time and draw a smooth line through the data points. This curve is an example of an exponential decay curve. Label the graph Figure A. 

Plot a graph of the mass of salt dissolved versus temperature. Draw a best-fit smooth curve through the data points. With the help of your teacher, obtain solubility data from the other groups in your class for the remaining three salts. Graph this data on your graph to obtain a family of solubility curves. 

Plot a graph of daughter-to-parent ratio versus number of half-lives on the axes in Figure A. Draw a smooth curve through the points. 

If we plot a graph of the values of the left-hand side of eqn. 2.87 on the ordinate against the volumes V on the abscissa, we can draw through the points obtained a straight line that intersects the x-axis at the volume Ve at... 

Indium, cadmium and silver can be extracted into chloroform as their 8-hydroxyquinoline complexes, and the pH1/2 values for these metals are 2.1, 6.3 and 8.8 respectively. Plot a graph of theoretical percent extraction against pH over the range 0 to 9 for each metal. Deduce the pH of incipient extraction (0.01%) and complete extraction (99.99%) for each metal, and comment on the feasibility of separating each from the other assuming that all the distribution coefficients are sufficiently high. 

In order to decide whether the error is constant or proportional plot a graph... 

Plot a graph of //versus Ti and calculate the optimum gas velocity, the corresponding minimum plate height and the maximum plate number. 

Alternatively, because Equation (4.9) has the form of an integral, we could plot a graph of Cp -r- T (as y) against T (as x) and determine the area beneath the curve. We would need to follow this approach if Cp -h T was so complicated a function of T that we could not describe it mathematically. 

Accordingly, we perform the kinetic experiment with a series of concentrations [B]0, the reactant in excess, and then plot a graph of k (as y ) against [B]0 (as V). The gradient will have a value of k2. 

Data from the kinetic trace due to radical (b) is analysed by plotting a graph of l/(absorbance at 1938 cm-1) against time, giving a straight line showing second-order kinetics. 

Plot a graph of absorbance A Vs units of alkaline phosphatase per millilitre. 

Results Plot a graph having the various concentrations of butyric acid along the abscissa and the refractive indices along the ordinate, whereby two straight lines are obtained intersecting at the CMC as shown in Figure 18.5 below ... 

This being stated, the occurrence of a chemical reaction interposed between two electron transfers can be easily detected by plotting a graph of i vs. 1/2 20,22 pjgure 53 shows that at short times after the potential step (corresponding to kf = 0) the current depends only on the process Ox — Red, thus the slope of the function depends on the number , of electrons. 

Plot a graph of the data you collected. Put transfer number on the x-axis and volume of water on the y-axis. Use different symbols or colours to distinguish between the reactant volume and the product volume. Draw the best smooth curve through the data. 

In order to obtain E//2 from the above equation, we plot a graph of ln d — I/I)] againstE. The intercept on the -axis gives then an accurate value ofEt/2. 

In fact, superior results are obtained by plotting a graph of the shift in half-wave potential (A /2 = 1/2 (complex) - 1/2 (tree)) against logCL. Such a plot should give a straight line with an intercept that is related to K. 

After plotting a graph of A i/2 against logct, a value of /T = 10 is obtained from the intercept, with a stoichiometry of 1 1 being obtained from the gradient. 

After plotting a graph of /p(back)//p(forward) against log t, a value for the offset from k of 10 s is obtained. 

Randles-Sev ik plot A graph derived from the Randles-Sev5ik equation, showing a plot of the cyclic voltammetry peak height Ip, (as y ) as a function of (as x ), where v is the scan rate. 

There is an inaccurate program that will plot a graph of time versus percentage of THC in your system given the days you ve smoked. The program is called CALC THC.EXE and can be found on the internet. CALC THC cannot possibly be accurate because it doesn t have any way of measuring the potentcy of the weed, and it leaves metabolism out of the equation, (see 14.2.3)... 

By plotting a graph between number of neutrons and protons for the nuclei of various elements it has been found that most stable nuclei (non-radioactive nuclei) lie within the shaded area which is called the zone or belt of stability because it contains the stable nuclei. Nuclei that fall above or below this belt are unstable. Nuclei that fall above the stability belt have more neutrons while those lying below have more protons. Such unstable nuclei would attain stability by undergoing change that would produce a nucleus with n/p ratio within the stability zone. 

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