Graphitic mesoporous carbon

The methods mentioned above for the preparation of ordered graphitic mesoporous carbon involve the use of liquid impregnation strategies (repeated infiltration and polymerisation) followed by the carbonisation... 

Figure 4.11 Powder XRD patterns of graphitic mesoporous carbon materials prepared via the CVD method at various temperatures. Reprinted with permission from Y. Xia, R. Mokaya, Adv. Mater., 16, 1553. Copyright (2004) John Wiley and Sons...

SBA-15, MCM-48, HMS and MCM-41. Xia etal. also used CVD with acetonitrile as precursor to prepare graphitic mesoporous carbon materials with diverse morphologies, such as sphere, hollow sphere, rod and nano-tubeP Su et al. used a similar CVD method and benzene as... 

Qi J, Jiang L, Tang Q, Zhu S, Wang S, Yi B, Sun G (2012) Synthesis of graphitic mesoporous carbons with different surface areas and their use in direct methanol fuel cells. Carbon 50 2824-2831... 

Fulvio PF, Mayes RT, Wang X, Mahurin SM, Bauer JC, Presser V, McDonough J, Gogotsi Y, Dai S (2011) Biick-and-Mortar self-assembly approach to graphitic mesoporous carbon nanocomposites. Adv Funct Mater 21 2208—2215... 

As a rather unusual application of 1,2,4-triazine, it is necessary to mention the preparation of highly ordered and graphitic mesoporous carbon nitride with an ordered porous structure and a high nitrogen content by a nano-hard-templating approach through a simple polymerization of 3-amino-l,2,4-triazine inside the pore channels of a mesoporous silica template (13JMCA2913). 

Fuertes AB, Alvarez S. Graphitic mesoporous carbons synthesized through mesostructured silica templates. Carbon 2004 42 3049-55. 

Su FB, Zeng JH, Bao XY, Yu YS, Lee JY, Zhao XS. Preparation and characterization of highly ordered graphitic mesoporous carbon as a Pt catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells. Chem Mater 2005 17 3960-7. 

M., Dai, S., and Yan, Y.S (2008) Graphitic mesoporous carbon as a durable fuel cell catalyst support Journal cf Power Sources, 185 (1), 423 7. 

Besides ODH processes, a few reports about non-oxidative dehydrogenation (DH) over carbon catalysts also exist. At the reaction temperature of 823-873 K, propane is reported to react to propylene and hydrogen in high yield (30-40 %) over ordered mesoporous carbon, which was shown to be much more active than graphitic and/or nanostructured carbon (CNTs) [66], On the other hand, a hybrid catalyst system for... 

Over the last decade, novel carbonaceous and graphitic support materials for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts have been extensively explored. Recently, fibrous nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNFs have been examined as support materials for anodes and cathodes of fuel cells [18-31], Mesoporous carbons have also attracted considerable attention for enhancing the activity of metal catalysts in low-temperature DMFC and PEMFC anodes [32-44], Notwithstanding the many studies, carbon blacks are still the most common supports in industrial practice. 

We will not discuss here models for pores in carbons, as this topic is treated in Chapter 5, and elsewhere in specialist [15] or general reviews [106, 107]. For similar reasons, we will not discuss porosity control [44, 108] in detail. However, porous carbons prepared by the template technique, especially the ordered ones, deserve special attention. Ordered mesoporous carbons have been known to scientists since 1989 when two Korean groups independendy reported their synthesis using mesoporous silicas as templates [109, 110]. Further achievements have been described in more recent reports [111, 112]. One might have expected that the nanotexture of these materials would merely reflect the nature of the precursor used, namely phenol-formaldehyde [109] or sucrose [110] in the two first ordered mesoporous carbon syntheses (as is well known, these two precursors would have yielded randomly oriented, isotropic carbon had they been pyrolyzed/activated under more conventional conditions). However, the mesopore walls in some ordered mesoporous carbons exhibited a graphite-like, polyaromatic character [113, 114], as described in Chapter 18. This information was obtained by nitrogen adsorption at low relative pressures, as in classical... 

Darmstadt, H., Roy, C., Kaliaguine, S., et al. (2003). Pore structure and graphitic surface nature of ordered mesoporous carbons probed by low-pressure nitrogen adsorption. Microp. Mesop. Mater., 60, 139—49. 

Kim, T.-W., Park, I.S., and Ryoo, R. (2003). A synthetic route to ordered mesoporous carbon materials with graphitic pore walls. Angew. Chem., 42, 4375-9. 

In addition to the pore size distribution and surface area, surface chemistry is one of the most important properties of carbon materials. The surface chemistry can be studied by spectroscopy methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). However, these techniques can only be applied to the external surface. In the case of micro- and mesoporous carbons (e.g., activated carbons and OMCs), the external surface represents only a small portion of the surface. The largest portion of the surface is located in the pores. How information on the graphitic character of the surface of OMC can be obtained from low-pressure nitrogen adsorption data is discussed in this chapter. 

Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Graphitic Pore Wall... 

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