Graphical description

Ladder diagrams provide a simple graphical description of a solution s predominate species as a function of solution conditions. They also provide a convenient way to show the range of solution conditions over which a buffer is most effective. For ex-... 

Fig. 1.14. Graphic description of combination of two I5 orbitals to give two molecular orbitals for H2 (A) and HHe+ (B).

In spatial OSDs the flow of events and symbols is overlaid on a map of all items of equipment with which the operator interacts during the task. The map itself does not have to be very accurate, provided that the general geographical relationships among items of equipment are shown. The spatial OSD thus provides a graphical description of the perceptual-motor load a particular task imposes on the performance of the worker. For multiperson tasks, the operational sequences for several workers can be coded in different colors and superimposed onto the same equipment map. This can generate useful information for the distribution of tasks to different members of the operating team. 

It covers the principles of engineering drawings, computer graphics, descriptive geometry, and problem solving. The overall study of graphics involves the three basic aspects of terminology, skills, and theory. 

Reaction control is temperature-based, with the system trying to attain the adjusted maximum temperature as rapidly as possible. When employing polar reaction mixtures with a high level of absorption, the output power can be limited to a maximum of 150 W to avoid overheating of the sample. The instmments of the Emrys series come with a comprehensive software package for the creation of protocols, including an ISIS draw surface for graphical description of the reactions. 

The more components in a system, the more complex are the phase equilibria and it is more difficult to represent phases graphically. Descriptions of multi-component solid-liquid diagrams and their uses have been given by Mullin 3, Findlay and Campbell , Ricci , Null(10) and Nyvlt 11 1 and techniques for predicting multi-component solid-liquid phase equilibria have been presented by Hormeyer et alS12 Kusik el al.(n), and Sander et al.(U). 

Another graphical description of the data is used when comparing the results of several trials is the box plot (also called box-and-whisker plot). A box represents the range of the middle 50% of the data, and whiskers extend to the maximum and minimum values. A line is drawn at the median value. A glance a this plot allows one to assess the symmetry and spread of the data. Figure 5.4 is a box plot for the carbonate data of figure 5.2. Specific plots, such as Youden two-sample plots for method performance studies, are discussed below. 

Figure 7 is a graphic description of the kinetic energy required by a deuteron to produce D-D, D-T, and D-helium-3 nuclear reactions. The bottom of the chart depicts the required deuteron kinetic energy level in thousands of electron volts. The x-axis coordinate is labeled from 10° to 103 kilo-electronvolts. The y axis is labeled in terms of the nuclear reaction cross section. Three types of nuclear reaction curves are depicted. Note that each curve rises to a maximum and then decreases in value. The D-D curve is shown with its maximum value at about 1000 keV. Considering the use of a typical ion accelerator, electric potentials ranging from about 10 to 106 keV are used. 

FIGURE 4.11 Graphic description of the principal interactions between the electron beam and the sample. 

A thorough investigation involving operators, safety coordinator production- and engineering staff resulted in the following verbal description of what had happened the numbers in brackets refer to specific components shown in the graphical description of the same incident, the Incident Production Tree (see figure 1)... 

For the most graphic description, cf. die testimony of Schultze, engineer with the firm Topf Sohne, in a KGB interrogation cf. G. Fleming in TheNew York Times, July 18, 1993, p. El % Der Spiegel 40/1993, p. 154. 

When v0 = Tmax/2 (i.e. at half-maximal initial velocity), this equation reduces to Am = [S], that is, as defined in the initial graphical description, Am is the substrate concentration giving half-maximal reaction velocity. 

The conformation of any of these puckered forms is described by specifying both amplitude and phase and the precise description of an intermediate form can therefore not always be derived by interpolation, using a graphical description such as figure 15, since amplitudes are ignored in this process. 

In order to avoid this difficulty and give a more graphical description of a given system, Frost devised a free energy vs oxidation state diagram as shown below. From eq. 2.58 one has ... 

Figure 1.25 A graphical description of the steric demand - like an umbrella in the midday sun.

Note The graphical description of the n-sulfurane shows why the endocyclic sulfur is coordinated by nitrogen rather than by sulfur. In a trigonal bipyramidal geometry nitrogen is preferred over sulfur as the axial ligand. 

Use and abuse of cocaine have skyrocketed in recent years, provoking much public alarm. Sensational news stories about crack, with graphic descriptions of inner-city crack houses and impaired "crack babies" born to addicted mothers, led directly to escalations of the current war on drugs. For drug warriors crack is the new devil drug, so dangerous as to justify the most repressive measures. 

Graphic descriptions of the effects of ketamine occur throughout John Lilly s autobiographical work The Scientist A Novel... 

If the graphical description of the Gerischer theory is used (Figure 25), it follows that cathodic electron transfer will predominantly occur by tunneling in the energy range close to Asq)]. It follows that the rate of cathodic transfer will increase less than exponentially with If becomes equal to or higher than the cathodic... 

Torsion angles are important in the description and characterization of portions of proteins and nucleic acids. A Ramachandran plot of the torsion angles of the peptide backbone provides a graphical description of the protein. 

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