Graphene paper

Nanocarbons can also be deposited onto surfaces via electrochemistry, such as electrophoretic deposition described earlier. A method for one-step electrochemical layer-by-layer deposition of GO and PANI has been reported by Chen et al. [199]. A solution of GO and aniline was prepared and deposited onto a working electrode via cyclic voltammetry. GO was reduced on the surface when a potential of approx. -1 V (vs. SCE) was applied compared to the polymerization of aniline which occurred at approx. 0.7 V (vs. SCE). Repeated continuous scans between -1.4 to 9 V (vs. SCE) resulted in layer by layer deposition [199]. A slightly modified method has been reported by Li et al. who demonstrated a general method for electrochemical RGO hybridization by first reducing GO onto glassy carbon, copper, Ni foam, or graphene paper to form a porous RGO coating [223]. The porous RGO coated electrode could then be transferred to another electrolyte solution for electrochemical deposition, PANI hybridization was shown as an example [223]. 

Gwon, H., et al., Flexible energy storage devices based on graphene paper. Energy Environmental Science, 2011. 4(4) p. 1277-1283. 

Graphene functionalized with polyaniline can be used as a high-performance flexible electrode. The gravimetric and volumetric capacitances of the hybrid reach 233 F g1 and 135 F cm 3 respectively, more than those of graphene paper (147 Fg-1 and 64 F cm 3) [90],... 

Sun, D., X. Yan, J. Lang, and Q. Xue. 2013. High performance supercapacitor electrode based on graphene paper via flame-induced reduction of graphene oxide paper. Journal... 

Figure 7.7 Schematic representation for the production and electrodeposition of aniline monomer on graphene paper. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 7.7). The infusion of PANi into the voids of the graphene paper not only improved its mechanical properties but also the ion accessibility. This graphene-based composite paper electrode showed an electrochemical capacitance of 233 F/g, twice the value obtained for a pure graphene electrode. 

A.R. Ranjbartoreh, B. Wang, X. Shen, G. Wang, Advanced mechanical properties of graphene paper, Journal of Applied Physics, 109 (1), 014306,2011. 

Lee JK, Smith KB, Hayner CM, Kung HH (2010) Silicon nanoparticles-graphene paper composites for Li ion battery anodes. Chem Commun 46 2025-2027... 

A low-cost technique via simple rapid-mixture polymerization of aniline using graphene oxide (GO) and graphene papers as substrates, respectively, to fabricate freestanding, flexible GO-polyaniline (PANl) and graphene-PANI hybrid papers... 

Nanostructural PANl was deposited on the surfaces of GO and graphene papers, forming thin, lightweight, and flexible paperlike hybrid papers... 

An electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process has been developed to fabricate the graphene paper. The film is composed of overlapped and stacked platelets of reduced graphene oxide. Figure 4.7 shows the experiment setup of the... 

FIGURE 1.24 (a) Photograph of two free-standing graphene papers fabricated by vacuum filtration method ... 

Chen, H., Muller, M.B., Gilmore, K.J., Wallace, G.G., Li, D., 2008b. Mechanically strong, electrically conductive, and biocompatible graphene paper. Advanced Materials 20, 3557-3561. 

Fig. 16.11 Schematic illustration (top image) of the fabrication of the freestanding hybrid electrode from 2D-assembly of Au Pt nanoparticles and graphene paper. Also shown (bottom image, Panel a) is an optical photograph of iGO paper. Cross-sectional (b) and top (c) view of iGO paper, (d) SEM image of Au Pt-rGO paptr. Reproduced from leferoice (168) with permission from Elsevier...

In a similar vein of using nanomaterials, graphene has also been used as a support material in the form of a flexible graphene paper loaded with Au Pt core-shell nanoparticles the fabrication approach is shown in Fig. 16.11 where the hybrid electrode was fabricated through a modular approach in which the nanoparticle assembly was transferred onto graphene paper through dip-coating. ... 

Zan X, Pang Z, Wu J, Xiao F, Huo F, Duan H (2013) Freestanding graphene paper decorated with 2D-assembly of Au Pt nanoparticles as flexible biosensors to monitor live cell secretion of nitric oxide. Biosens Bioelectron 49 71-78... 

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